Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is meiosis?

A

The process by which diploid cells become haploid cells. It only occurs in the production of gametes in sexually reproducing organisms and takes place in the ovaries and testes.

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2
Q

What happens during Meiosis?

A

Meiosis is a reduction division during which a diploid cell divides into four daughter cells each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell.

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3
Q

Why is Meiosis often called reduction division?

A

Reduction division is a special type of division during which the chromosome number is reduced from diploid (46 chromosomes) to haploid (23 chromosomes).

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4
Q

What the stages of Meiosis?

A
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I 
Telophase I
Cytokinesis
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Cytokinesis
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5
Q

Prophase I

A

The chromosomes condense and are visible. Crossing over can occur here if a chromosomes homologous pair is found. The nucleus disassembles.

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6
Q

Metaphase I

A

Chromosomes line up in the middles in homologous pairs.

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7
Q

Anaphase I

A

Homologous chromosomes are pulled away from each other in opposite directions via spindle fibres attached to the centromere.

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8
Q

Telophase I

A

Chromosomes are at opposite poles, new nuclei form in the 2 daughter cells.

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9
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The cell membrane constricts in the centre of the cell, forming a narrow area of cytoplasm, which consequently breaks forming two cells.

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10
Q

Prophase II

A

Chromosomes in two cells are visible, crossing over doesn’t occur.

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11
Q

Metaphase II

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle in single file line (not with homologous chromosomes).

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12
Q

Anaphase II

A

Chromatids are pulled away.

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13
Q

Telophase II

A

Chromosomes are at opposite poles, new nuclei will form in four daughter cells each with 23 chromosomes.

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14
Q

Crossing Over

A

Homologous chromosomes pair up as meiosis begins. Genetic material is exchanged between chromatids. Making a new combination of genetic material. Crossing over results in increased genetic variation.

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15
Q

Homologous in chromosomes

A

Having the same or allelic genes with genetic loci usually arranged in the same order

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