Protein Synthesis Flashcards
what are the two stages of protein synthesis?
transcription
translation
what is the role of transcription?
production of mRNA from DNA
which enzyme is used to unzip DNA?
DNA helicase
which enzyme reads off template strand?
RNA polymerase - reads strand
what does RNA polymerase do?
adds the complementary nucleotides to the strand and joins them togther to form mRNA
what happens in eukaryotic cells after RNA polymerase has joined nucleotides together?
pre-mRNA is spliced to remove introns (non-coding codons) and it is now able to diffuse out of nuclear pore
what happens in prokaryotic cells?
mRNA is produced directly as there are no introns
what is the role of translation?
production of polypeptides from sequence of codons carried by mRNA
where does mRNA attach after leaving nuclear pore?
small subunit of ribosome
what does the ribosome do?
it reads the mRNA in triplets and brings complementary tRNA to ribosome
how is tRNA complementary to mRNA?
the codons on mRNA will be complementary to anti-codons on tRNA
what happens when two amino acids are adjacent? what is the name for this process
- joined by peptide bond and ATP
- elongation
how long does this process go on for?
until it reaches a stop codon - termination
what does it produce?
a polypeptide chain of amino acids - primary sequence of proteins
