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ZZZ AS level: Biology > DNA and genes > Flashcards

DNA and genes Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a gene?

A

a gene is a base sequence of DNA for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide and a functional RNA

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2
Q

what is a genome?

A

a complete set of genes in a cell

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3
Q

what is the term for the full range of proteins that a cell is produce?

A

proteome

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4
Q

what is the (latin) term for the fixed position that a gene occupies on a DNA molecule?

A

locus

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5
Q

what is a triplet code?

A

sequence of 3 DNA bases which code for an amino acid

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6
Q

how many aminio acids are there and how many codes can be formed?

A

there are 20 amino acids

64 possible triplets

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7
Q

what three properties describe the genetic code?

A
  • degenerate
  • universal
  • non-overlapping
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8
Q

why is the genetic code degenerate?

A

amino acids can be coded for more than one triplet

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9
Q

why is the genetic code universal?

A
  • the triplet codes for same amino acid in every organisms
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10
Q

why is the genetic code non-overlapping?

A

each base in the sequence is only read once

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11
Q

describe the nuclear DNA in eukaryotic cells

A
  • long
  • linear
  • associated with proteins (histones)
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12
Q

what type of sequence in eukaryotes nuclear DNA codes for an amino sequence?

A

exons (leave nucleus)

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13
Q

what type of sequence in eukaryotes nuclear DNA is non-coding?

A

introns (do not leave nucleus)

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14
Q

describe mitochondria/chloroplast DNA in eukaryotic cells?

A

similar to prokaryotic

  • short
  • circular
  • not associated with proteins
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15
Q

what is different about the bases in RNA?

A

contains uracil instead of thymine

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16
Q

what are the two types of RNA?

A
  • tRNA

- mRNA

17
Q

what is the role of mRNA?

A

carries the genetic code from nucleus to ribosomes where it used to make proteins during translation

18
Q

when is mRNA made?

A

during transcription

19
Q

what is the term for the 3 adjacent bases coding for amino acid on mRNA?

A

codon

20
Q

what is the role of tRNA?

A

carries amino acids that makes proteins to ribosomes for translation

21
Q

what is the term for the 3 adjacent bases on tRNA?

A

anti-codon

22
Q

what shape does tRNA have?

A
  • clover leaf shape
23
Q

how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

A

23 pairs

24
Q

what proteins are DNA coiled around?

A

histones

25
Q

what are alleles?

A

number of alternative forms of genes

26
Q

how are alleles formed?

A

changes in base sequence produces new alleles

ZZZ AS level: Biology (21 decks)

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