introduction to biochemistry: key terms Flashcards
What is an atom?
- smallest unit of a chemical element that can exist independently
- consists of a nucleus containing protons/neutrons and electrons surrounding nucleus
What are molecules?
two or more atoms joined together
What is an element?
a single type of atom
What is a compound?
two or more atoms chemically bonded together
What is a molecular formula ?
show how the number of atoms of each element in a molecule/compounf
What is the structural formula?
shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule or compound
What is ring structure?
shows the 3D arrangement of the bonds and how it exists in nature
What is an ion?
a charged particle formed when an atom loses or gains an electron
- positive ion: anion
- negative ion: cation
What is a buffer?
a substance which resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or alkali are added
- can be altered by changing ratio of weak acid and salt
- in organisms, buffers help to maintain environments
what is a monomer?
small molecule which joins up with others to form polymers
what is a polymer?
long chain monomers
what is a covalent bond?
shared pair of electrons
what is an ionic bond?
oppositely charged ions with electrostatic forces of attraction
