Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What process requires tRNA?
Translation, this tRNA molecule carries an anti codon which helps code for an amino acid
Where does Transcription occur?
The nucleus
What enzyme splits DNA?
RNA Polymerase
What are the three sub mutations of Point Mutation?
Silent mutation-protein not effected
Missense mutation- only one amino acid changed
Nonsense mutation- swapped and stopped
How many kinds of amino acids exist?
20
What is Quaternary Structure?
Many proteins joined together to make one large protein, which surround an iron
What is Secondary Structure?
Hydrogen bonds and proteins fold forming Alphahelix or Beta Pleated Sheets
What bonds connect amino acids?
Peptide bonds
What are the two types of a mutation?
Point mutation & Frame shift mutation
What is Primary Structure?
Amino acid chain has no folds
What is the last type of RNA
rRNA makes up ribosomes
What is the polymer of amino acids?
Proteins or Polypeptides
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino acid
What base combination kick starts Transcription?
The TATA box
What is Tertiary Structure?
When helices and pleated sheets fold and make a “blob” or globular protein
Frame shift mutation causes amino acids to _____________
Insert amino acids/delete amino acids
What are the 2 processes in protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation
What process requires mRNA?
Both, Transcription creates the mRNA by scanning the DNA and creating its opposite. Translation reads the mRNA chain and matches its codons with tRNAs anti codons
Where does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm and ribosomes
