Central Dogma Flashcards
What is Agarose gel electrophoresis used for?
Agarose gel electrophoresis is used to separate molecules based upon charge, shape, and size. It is particularly useful in separating charged biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and Proteins. Used in crime scenes where there is expected to be blood of victim mixed with blood of suspect. They then match up blood types once the DNA, RNA, and Proteins are separated.
How many hydrogen bonds are between Adenine and Thymine?
2 Hydrogen Bonds
Name the Purines
Adenine and Guanine
Purines have ____ ring(s)
2
Phosphate bonded to a Sugar
Back Bone
Describe the order of the Central Dogma
DNA ~ RNA ~ Proteins ~ Expressed as your traits
Thymine binds to __________
Adenine
What is a Gene?
A segment of DNA which codes for a protein which in turn codes for a trait
Pyrimidines have ____ ring(s)
1
These three scientists won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine
James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins
What 3 parts is a nucleotide made of?
One 5 carbon deoxyribose sugar
One phosphate group
One nitrogen containing base
What is at the end of a 5’ single strand of DNA?
A free phosphate group
What is the monomer of DNA?
Nucleotide
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?
Phosphate and Deoxyribose (sugar)
These two scientists discovered the shape of a DNA molecule was a helix using a crystallized x-ray
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins
Cytosine binds to __________
Guanine
This scientist created what is known as “the base rule”. Who was it and Describe “the base rule”?
Erwin Chargraff
The base rule states that A will always bond to T as G will always bond to C
In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate group binds to the ________ of the next nucleotide
Sugar (Ribose)
What is a Genome?
The complete set of genetic materials from your parents
Guanine binds to __________
Cytosine
Name the Pyrimidines
Thymine and Cytosine
Adenine binds to __________
Thymine
What are the “rungs” of the DNA ladder made of?
Bases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is at the end of a 3’ single strand of DNA?
A free Sugar
Where in the cell are chromosomes located?
Nucleus
What is DNA?
A Nucleic Acid
These two scientists discovered the actual shape of DNA and were the first to publish an accurate replica
James Watson and Francis Crick
RNA used the base __________ instead of the base __________
Uracil; Thymine
DNA ~ RNA ~ Proteins ~ Expressed as your traits
Central Dogma
How many hydrogen bonds are there between Guanine and Cytosine?
3 Hydrogen Bonds
