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Adv Biochem > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acids with one codon

A

Methionine

Tryptophan

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2
Q

_______ allows some tRNA to recognize more than one codon.

A

Wobble

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3
Q

Nucleotide ______ contains uncommon base hypoxanthine, and can make hydrogen bonds with _________.

A

Inosinate

Three different nucleotides (U, C and A)

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4
Q

The Wobble Hypothesis

A
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5
Q

The Wobble Hypothesis Example

A
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6
Q

Essential components of “Activation of Amino Acids”

A
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7
Q

Essential components of “Initiation”

A
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8
Q

Essential components of “Elongation”

A
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9
Q

Essential components of “Termination and Riobsome Recycling”

A
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10
Q

Essential components of “Folding and posttranslational processing”

A
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11
Q

Major stages of protein synthesis

A
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12
Q

Components of Ribosomes

A
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13
Q

First complete nucleotide sequence of yeast tRNAAla

A
  • Eight or more nucleotides have modified bases or sugars
  • Most tRNA differ in length from 73-93 residues
  • Molecular Wt. from 24000 to 31000
  • The 5’ end has a guanylate
  • The 3’ end has a trinucleotide sequence CCA(3’)
  • Unusual GU pair
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14
Q

General structure of all tRNAs. All tRNAs show cloverleaf structure.

A

DHU = dihydrouridine

T = ribothymidine

ψ = pseudouridine

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15
Q

Aminoacylation of a tRNA by amino acyl-tRNA synthetase: Step 1

A
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16
Q

Aminoacylation of a tRNA by amino acyl-tRNA synthetase: Step 2

A
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17
Q

General structure of aminoacyl-tRNA

A
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18
Q

Goals of Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

A
  1. Activation of amino acids
  2. Attachment of the amino acids to the adaptor tRNA
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19
Q

Some __________ are capable of proofreading.

A

-Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Since the identity of the amino acids are not checked at the ribosome it is extremely important that correct amino acid be attached to the tRNA to maintain the fidelity of the protein synthesis

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20
Q

Proofreading mechanism of Ile-tRNA Synthetase

A
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21
Q

The interaction between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA constitutes a “___________.”

A

Second Genetic Code

22
Q

The tRNAAla structural elements recognized by the Ala-tRNA synthetase

A

A single G=U base pair is the only element needed

23
Q

Polypeptide synthesis begins at the ______ terminal end.

A

Amino

24
Q

A specific amino acid initiates protein synthesis

A
25
Q

Met-tRNA synthetase catalyzed Reaction

A
26
Q

Transformylase catalyzed Reaction

A
27
Q

Shine-Dalgarno sequences on the mRNA serves as _________ of protein synthesis.

A

Signal for initiation

28
Q

Initiation: Step 1 & 2

A
29
Q

Initiation: Step 3

A
30
Q

Elongation

A

AA-tRNA binding at the A site

31
Q

Elongation forms a _____ bond.

A

Peptide

32
Q

Elongation: Translocation Step 1

A
33
Q

Elongation: Translocation Step 2

A
34
Q

Elongation: Translocation Step 3

A
35
Q

Termination

A
36
Q

Termination codons

A

UAA

UAG

UGA

37
Q

RF1 recognizes ________

RF2 recognizes ________

RF3 _______

A
  • UAG & UAA
  • UGA & UAA
  • ??
38
Q

Polysomes allow _______.

A

Rapid translation

39
Q

In bacteria, simultaneous _______ and _______ allows rapid product formation.

A

Transcription and translation

40
Q

Post-Translational Modifications

A
41
Q

Insulin formation

A
42
Q

Post-Translational Modification: Phosphorylation

A

OH-containing AA

43
Q

Post-Translational Modification: Carboxylation

A

Glutamate

44
Q

Post-Translational Modification: Methylation

A

Lysine and Glutamate

45
Q

Post-Translational Modification: Farnesylation

A

Ras proteins

46
Q

Structural similarities between the amino acid arm of the aminoacyl-tRNA and _______ inhibit protein synthesis.

A

Puromycin

47
Q

Tetracycline

A

Blocks the A site

48
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Blocks peptidyl transferase activity

49
Q

Cycloheximide

A

Blocks peptidyl transferase of 80S in eukaryotes but not the 70S of bacterial

50
Q

Streptomycin

A
  • Causes misreading of genetic code at low concentration
  • Inhibits initiation at high concentration
51
Q
A

Adv Biochem (6 decks)

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