Biosynthesis of Molecules Derived from Amino Acids Flashcards
Biosynthesis of heme precursor: _______
Protoporphyrin
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Synthesis of protoporphyrin is complex and involves ____ steps.
Six
_______ are a foup of genetic disease in which specific ________ accumulate in the erythrocytes, body fluids, and the liver.
- Porphyrias
- Porphyrin precursors
Protoporphyrin biosynthesis is regulated by heme containing protein-products such as _________ and _________.
Hemoglobin & cytochrome
Genetic defects in the synthesis of protoporphyrin leads to the accumulation of porphyrin intermediates. These genetic diseases are known as _______.
Porphyrias
In a porphyrias that affects the RBC, an abnormal isomer of _________ is accumulated in RBC. This causes the urine to turn red, teeth to fluoresce in UV light and skin show abnormal sensitivity to sunlight.
Protoporphyrin
Degradation of heme yields ______, which causes ______ in excess.
- Bilirubin
- Jaundice
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Sythesis of creatine and phosphocreatine, which is an alternate energy reservoir in muscle.
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Two step biosynthesis of Glutathione (GSH)
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Glutathione peroxidase-catalyzed neutralization of peroxides
Glutathione as a substrate for metabolism of toxic peroxides
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Glutathione S-Transferase-catalyzed Conjugation of CDNB to GSH
Glutathione as a substrate for metabolism of toxic electrophiles
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Some bacteria use D-isomers of amino acids for their cell wall structure. ______ converts L-alanine to D-alanine.
Alanine Racemase
Aromatic amino acid are important for plant growth. Phenylalanine and tyrosine are precursor for ______. Tryptophan yields _____, An important regulatory molecule in plants.
- Lignin
- Auxin
Aromatic amino acids are also for many commercial products: _______ such as morphine and ________ such as cinnamon oil, vanilla, etc.
- Alkaloids
- Flavoring
Biosynthesis of GABA
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