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Adv Biochem > Integration of Metabolism > Flashcards

Integration of Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Liver

A
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2
Q

Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism in Liver

A
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3
Q

Overview of Lipid Metabolism in Liver

A
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4
Q

Adipose tissue stores and supplies _______.

A

Fatty acids

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5
Q

About ____% of adipose tissue is fat.

A

65

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6
Q

Major metabolic pathways in Adipose Tissue

A
  • Glycolytic metabolism
  • TCA cycle
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
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7
Q

Some adipose tissue contains ________.

A

Brown fat

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8
Q

How do muscles use ATP for mechanical work?

A
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9
Q

Conversion of phosphocreatine and creatine

A
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10
Q

The Cori cycle

A

Glucose –> Lactate –> Glucose

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11
Q

Brain uses ____ for impulse transmission.

A

ATP

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12
Q

How does the brain use and produce ATP?

A
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13
Q

What does the blood carry?

A

O2, Metabolites, Hormones

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14
Q

Composition of the blood

A
  • Inorganic components (10%)
  • Organic metabolites and waste (20%)
  • Plasma proteins (70%)
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15
Q

Normal blood glucose level & dangerous level

A
  • 60-90 mg/dL
  • 40 mg/dL
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16
Q

Hormonal regulation of Fuel Metabolism: Insulin is synthesized as _____ precursor.

A

Inactive

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17
Q

Insulin counters high blood glucose

A
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18
Q

Increase in glucose uptake in muscle and adipose targets ________.

A

Increase in Glucose Transporter (GLUT4)

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19
Q

Increase in glucose uptake in the liver targets ________.

A

Increase in glucokinase (increased expression)

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20
Q

Increase in glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle targets _______.

A

Increase in glycogen synthase

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21
Q

Decrease in glycogen breakdown in the liver and muscle targets ________.

A

Decrease in glycogen phosphorylase

22
Q

Increase in glycolysis/acetyl-CoA production in liver and muscle targets ________.

A
  • Increase in PFK-1 by increase in PFK-2
  • Increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase
23
Q

Increase in fatty acid synthesis in the liver targets _______.

A

Increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase

24
Q

Increase in triacylglycerol synthesis in adipose tissue targets _________.

A

Increase in lipoprotein lipase

25
Q

Regulation of glycogen synthase or glycogen biosynthesis

A
26
Q

Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase by covalent modification

A
27
Q

Regulation of fatty acid synthesis

A
28
Q

Hormonal regulation of triacylglycerol synthesis

A
29
Q

Glucagon counters low blood glucose

A
30
Q

Increase in glycogen breakdown in the liver converts glycogen to glucose and targets _________.

A

Increase in glycogen phosphorylase

31
Q

Decrease in glycogen synthesis in the liver means less glucose is stored as glycogen and targets _________.

A

Decrease in glycogen synthase

32
Q

Decrease in glycolysis in the liver means less glucose is used as fuel in the liver and targets and targets _______.

A

Decrease in PFK-1

33
Q

Increase in gluconeogenesis in the liver means amino acids, glycerol, and oxaloacetate are converted to glucose and targets _________.

A
  • Increase in FBPase-2
  • Decrease in Pyruvate kinase
  • Increase in PEP carboxykinase
34
Q

Increase in fatty acid mobilization in adipose tissue means less glucose is used as fuel by liver and muscle and targets _______.

A
  • Increase in hormone-sensitive lipase
  • Increase in PKA
35
Q

Increase in ketogenesis provides an alternative to glucose as energy source for brain and targets ______.

A

Decrease in acetyl-CoA carboxylase

36
Q

Regulation of PFK-2 and F26BP

A
37
Q

Mobilization of stored triacylglycerol

A
38
Q

Increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and dilation of respiratory passages leads to ________.

A

Increase delivery of O2 to tissues (muscle)

39
Q

Increase in glycogen breakdown, decrease in glycogen synthesis in muscle and liver, and increase in gluconeogenesis in liver leads to __________.

A

Increase producation of glucose for fuel

40
Q

Increase in glycolysis in the muscle leads to _______.

A

Increases ATP production in muscle

41
Q

Increase in fatty acid mobilization in adipose tissue leads to _______.

A

Increase availability of fatty acids as fuel

42
Q

Increase in glucagon secretion and decrease in insulin secretion leads to _________.

A

Reinforcement of metabolic effects of epinephrine

43
Q

During fasting and starvation, metabolism shifts to provide fuel to the brain. A normal weight man (70 kg) could survive _____ and an obese man (140 kg) could survive ______.

A
  • 3 months
  • 14 months
44
Q

Fuel metabolism in liver during prolonged fasting or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

A
45
Q

Ketone body formation

A
46
Q

Carbohydrate catabolism

A
47
Q

Carbohydrate anabolism

A
48
Q

Amino acid and nucleotide metabolism

A
49
Q

Fat catabolism

A
50
Q

Fat anabolism

A

Adv Biochem (6 decks)

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