Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What happens in an mRNA sequence?
Nuclear code is translated into a sequence of amino acids and the amino acids join up to form a peptide chain
What is transfer-RNA?
Small RNA molecules that are less than 100 nucleotides in length, that assist in protein synthesis and nothing to do with gene expression
What is the structure of T-RNA
A cloverleaf structure with 3 unpaired bases (anticodon) which will pair to the mRNA transcription sequence
Also has a terminal nucleotide where amino acids can become attached to the 3-OH of the flexible CCA arm
How many different t-RNAs are there?
20 different t-RNA’s and 20 activating enzymes
The enzymes bind to their specific amino acid and the corresponding t-RNA. The amino acid is attached to 5’ end of t-RNA (involves ATP hydrolysis)
What are the activating enzymes that recognize specific t-RNA and amino acids called?
Aminoacyl-tRNA ligases
What happens once the tRNA molecules are matched up with their attached amino acids?
They line up on the mRNA, the anti-codons on the tRNA match up with the codons on the mRNA
Next step is for the amino acids to join up
What do ribosomes on rough ER do in terms of protein synthesis?
The 30s unit will find the start codon on the mRNA and then the 50s unit attaches
The ribosome moves along the mRNA forming peptide bonds between successive amino acids attached to their respective t-RNA’s
When does translation come to a stop?
When the ribosome comes to a stop codon
What are myofibriliar proteins?
Actin and myosin
These increase both strength and size when developed
What are sarcoplasmic proteins
Mitochondrial proteins and signaling proteins
These increase muscle size without strength
