Nutrient Function Flashcards
What are the macros and how are they defined??
More than 1g per day
Fats, carbs, protein and water
What are the micros and how are they defined?
Less than 1g/day
Vitamins minerals and trace elements
How are carbohydrates formed?
Molecules consisting of carbon and hydrogen
Monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds
What carbs make up maltose, sucrose and lactose?
Maltose = glucose + glucose
Sucrose = fructose +glucose
Lactose = galactose + glucose
How do fats differ from carbs on a basic level?
Same elements but less oxygen
What are examples of simple, compound and derived lipids?
Simple - triglycerides
Compound - lipoproteins
Derived - fatty acids
What makes up a triglyceride?
3 fatty acids and a glycerol molecule
Fatty acids have a methyl group, a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxilic acid group
What differs in a saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid?
In saturated all carbons present
In unsaturated all but one carbon - there is at least one double bond
Lipid functions?
Energy source, cell membrane constituents, precursors of bile, hormones/steroids and for fat soluble vitamin intake
What differs between vitamins and minerals?
Vitamins are organic compounds
Minerals are inorganic compounds
In reference to vitamins explain how they must be taken in by the body?
Vitamins must be obtained from diet apart from Vitamin D (synthesised from sunlight) Vitamin K (synthesised by intestinal bacteria)
what vitamins are fat soluble?
Vitamin A,D,E,K
The rest are water soluble
What are examples of macrominerals and how are they distinguished?
> 100mg/day or body presence of over 0.01% bw
Examples calcium sodium magnesium
What are microminerals and how are they described?
