Cell Signals And Hormones Flashcards
What is DHEA??
A hormone that can be made in testosterone or estradiol and be able to be sulphated, goes up after exercise
When is cortisol highest?
In the morning
What can signaling systems do??
Warn of a pathogen and/or infection
Alter/regulate metabolic processes
Switch on/off (eg. Protein production)
What is signal transduction??
Signal amplification is a cascade of events that mediate the sensing and processing of the signal
Essentially a molecular circuit which can detect amplify and respond to signals
What could some responses be in terms of cell signaling?
Changes in the metabolism of the cell, changes in electrical charge across the membrane
Changes in gene expression
What are second messengers?
Second messengers are produced by receptors being bound to signals or ligand and relay the signal from a receptor-ligand complex
Describe insulin and its structure related to function
Insulin (a hormone) signals through its receptor and alters cellular metabolism
What occurs to the CV system as a result of adrenaline? Also what other effects does adrenaline have
Cardiac output increases and a redistribution of Q to muscular/hepatic circulations with only a small change in MAP
Increases liver glycogen breakdown
Stimulates gluconeogenesis in prolonged exercise
Explain some functions of cortisol and what effect increased cortisol has on the body?
Regulates bp and cv function
Increased cortisol causes muscle breakdown which in turn stimulate amino acids for glucose synthesis via gluconeogenesis
Also stimulates release of fatty acids from adipose
What must intracellular receptors be??
Must be lipid soluble to move through the membrane
What does the thyroid gland do?
Converts iodine to thyroid hormones (T4 and T3)
Every cell depends on thyroid hormones for regulation of metabolism
What is increased levels of T3 and T4 associated with?
Increased oxidative substrate metabolism and increased mitochondrial enzyme activity
Hypo thyroid means you gain weight
