Protein Synthesis

Question 1

T/F. Genetic code is conserved

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Reading frame

Answer 2

Starts with a start codon
Ends with a stop codon (3 different ones)
Coding sequence in the middle

Question 3

Potential reading frames for a given mRNA

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Potential reading frames for a given DNA

Answer 4

6 (3 for each strand)

Question 5

Silent mutation

Answer 5

Change in codon does not change the AA sequence (because of the degenerate genetic code)

Question 6

Missense mutation

Answer 6

Change in codon = change in AA sequence (totally new AA)

Question 7

Nonsense mutation

Answer 7

Change in codon = AA change to stop codon

Question 8

Splice site mutation

Answer 8

Alters the way introns are removed

Question 9

Frame shift mutation

Answer 9

Insertions or deletions that throw off the reading frame making a longer or shorter protein sequence

Question 10

Wobble

Answer 10

Spot on a tRNA anticodon region (5’end) that allows one anticodon to base pair with several different codons (determines the number of codons recognized by the tRNA)

Question 11

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer 11

charges the tRNA molecule and correctly pairs the AA

Question 12

Shine delgarno

Answer 12

interacts with small subunit in prokaryotes

Question 13

5’ cap

Answer 13

interacts with small subunit in eukaryotes

Question 14

Translation initiation complex

Answer 14

A site - amino acyl site
P site - peptidyl site
E site - exit site

Question 15

3 steps of translation elongation

Answer 15

Bind to aminoacyl-tRNA
Peptide bond formation
Translocation

Question 16

T/F. Eukaryotes can do transcription and translation at the same time.

Answer 16

False. Prokaryotes can

Question 17

Termination of translation

Answer 17

Terminal peptidyl bond is hydrolyzed by release factors
Release peptide
Ribosome dissociates

Question 18

Degenerate genetic code

Answer 18

1 codon = 1 AA

1 AA can be coded from many codons