Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What are the 4 categories of proteins?
Enzymes (ex. pepsin)
Structural (ex. muscles)
Protein based hormones (ex. insulin)
Neurotransmitters (ex. acetylcholine)
What is MRNA?
a complimentary copy of DNA that travels.
What is a gene?
a code for a specific protein.
what is DNA?
a code for protein synthesis.
What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?
Transcription and Translation.
Where does Transcription happen?
Transcription happens in the nucleus.
What is transcription?
Transcription is when MRNA is created with Adenine-Uracil and Guanine-Cytosine.
What polymerase creates MRNA?
the RNA polymerase
Where does translation happen?
in the endoplasmic reticulum
What is the stop and start codon?
start- AUG
stop- UAA
What does the golgi bodies do?
stores, refines, and activates protein.
what is the first process of translation?
Initiation- the ribosome attaches to MRNA
How many codons are in a ribosome?
2
What is elongation?
second process in translation
Elongation-
1) TRNA (helicopter) molecules make a specific complimentary bind from codon to anticodon.
2) Amino acids hop from one TRNA to another TRNA making an amino acid chain.
3) 1 TRNA leaves, a ribosome shifts, and a new TRNA comes
What is the 3rd process of translation?
Termination-
1) The stop codon signals the end of protein
2) components are released and recycled
