Protein Synthesis Flashcards by mia sharinajean aleta

Three letter code that specifies a particular amino acid; found within mRNA

A. Codon
B. Anti-codon
C. Amino acid

A. Codon

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Complimentary code for a codon; found within a tRNA

A. Codon
B. Anti-codon
C. Amino acid

B. Anti codon

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Differences more often than not lie within the last base

Wobble effect

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True or false: multiple codons can code for a single amino acid

True; degenerate

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True or false: single amino acid can be coded by multiple codons

True; degenerate

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Particular codon can only code for a single amino acid

A. Degenerate
B. Unambiguous 
C. Non-overlapping
D. Unpunctuated
E. Universal

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Adapter molecule

A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA

B. tRNA

cloverleaf shaped

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Site of attachment for amino acid

A. Acceptor arm
B. D arm
C. Thymidine-pseudouridine cytidine arm
D. Anticodon arm

A. Acceptor arm

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Recognition site for specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; rich in dihydrouridine

A. Acceptor arm
B. D arm
C. Thymidine-pseudouridine cytidine arm
D. Anticodon arm

B. D arm

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Binds aminoacyl tRNA to ribosomal subunit

A. Acceptor arm
B. D arm
C. Thymidine-pseudouridine cytidine arm
D. Anticodon arm

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Seven letter code containing the anticodon

A. Acceptor arm
B. D arm
C. Thymidine-pseudouridine cytidine arm
D. Anticodon arm

D. Anticodon arm

read in a 3’-5’ direction. The codon and anticodon are antiparallel with each other

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Special enzyme that binds specific amino acids with their corresponding tRNAs, with the help of ATP

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Amino acids are attached via their carboxyl end at the 3’ end of the trna with an ESTER BOND, forming an aminoacyl tRNA

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Initiation phase includes the following EXCEPT

A. Dissociation
B. 43S
C. 58S
D. 80S

C. It should be 48S

Dissociation includes 40 and 60S(eukaryotic)

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Delays re association; allows for other IF’s to mingle with 40S

A. eIF-3, eIF-1A
B. eIF-2GTP
C. eIF-2
D. eIF-2GTP-met-tRNA

Stabilizes the pre-initiation phase

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43S preinitiation complex; initiation factor that binds to GTP

A. eIF-3, eIF-1A
B. eIF-2GTP
C. eIF-2
D. eIF-2GTP-met-tRNA

eIF-2alpha phosphorylated in starvation states, preventing protein synthesis

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Binds to met-tRNA

A. eIF-3, eIF-1A
B. eIF-2GTP
C. eIF-2
D. eIF-2GTP-met-tRNA

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Binds to 40S

A. eIF-3, eIF-1A
B. eIF-2GTP
C. eIF-2
D. eIF-2GTP-met-tRNA

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mRNA binds to 43S preinitiation complex via the methylguanosyl triphosphate cap

A. 43S preinitiation phase
B. 48S initiation complex
C. 80S initiation complex

Uses up GTP; cap binding protein complex eIF-4F binds to the methyl cap (cap is only in eukaryotes)

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A scaffolding protein

A. eIF-3, eIF-1A
B. eIF-2GTP
C. eIF-2
D. eIF-4G

4G binds eIF-4E, eIF-3, eIF-4A/4B

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Responsible for recognizing the mRNA cap; bound by BP-1 to inhibit initiation

A. eIF-3, eIF-1A
B. eIF-2GTP
C. eIF-2
D. eIF-4E

Phosphorylated by insulin and mitogens to enhance initiation
mRNA cap region-rate limiting step in translation

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Melts the secondary structure of the cap

A. eIF-3, eIF-1A
B. eIF-4A/4B
C. eIF-2
D. eIF-2GTP-met-tRNA

Has ATPase-helicase activity

48S initiation complex binds to 60 S subunit

A. 43S preinitiation complex
B. 48S initiation complex
C. 80S initiation complex

eIF-5 hydrolyzes the GTP
All initiation factors are then removed

elongation phase includes the following EXCEPT:

A. A-site attachment
B. Peptide bond formation
C. Degenerate
D. Translocation

C. Degenerate; not part, it is a characteristic of genetic code

Elongation factor _________ complexes with GTP

A. eIF-1a
B. eEf-1a

Seen in A-site attachment; complex binds with entering aminoacyl tRNA; charged aminoacyl tRNA then enters the A-site

a-amino group of the A-site amino acid attacks the carboxyl end of te growing P-site polypeptide chain A. A-site attachment B. Peptide bond formation C. Degenerate D. Translocation

In peptide bond formation, it is facilitated by ________ a ribozyme component of the 60S subunit

Peptidyltransferase; ribozyme is an RNA with enzymatic properties; in this case, 28S RNA of the 60S subunit

P-site tRNA os removed from the P-site A. A-site attachment B. Peptide bond formation C. Degenerate D. Translocation

Facilitates the transfer of A-site tRNA to the p-site

eEF-2

Energy requirement for elongation phase

4 high energy phosphate bonds Activation on tRNA- 2 ATPs Entry of aminoacyl tRNA into A-site -1GTP Translocation- 1GTP

Where does stop codon enters A. A-site B. Peptide bond formation C. Degenerate D. Translocation

Remove the growing polypeptide from the P-site tRNA A. eIF B. eRF C. eEF

B. eRF-1 recognizes UAA, UAG eRF-2 recognizes UAA, UGA eRF-3 binds GTP

Changes in the nucleotide sequence of a given DNA segment A. mutation B. Silence/nothing C. Missense D. Frameshift

Purine to purine OR pyrimidine to pyrimidine A. Transition mutation B. Transversion mutations

Purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine A. Transition mutation B. Transversion mutations

B. In changing something, no frame-shift mutation occurs

Type of mutation that is due to degeneracy of the genetic code A. Nothing B. Missense mutation C. Nonsense mutation D. Frameshift mutation

Amino acid that is replaced with another amino acid A. Nothing B. Missense mutation C. Nonsense mutation D. Frameshift mutation

B. | Results in acceptable, partially acceptable, or unacceptable results

Codon coding for an amino acid is replaced with a stop codon A. Nothing B. Missense mutation C. Nonsense mutation D. Frameshift mutation

C. Results in premature termination

Error in reading the code due to either insertion or deletion A. Nothing B. Missense mutation C. Nonsense mutation D. Frameshift mutation

Hb A, beta chain and Hb S, beta chain; glutamine, valine A. Acceptable B. Partially acceptable C. Unacceptable

Hb m (boston), alpha chain; tyrosine A. Acceptable B. Partially acceptable C. Unacceptable

Protein synthesis change due to A. Environmental threats B. Viral infection C. Both

Inactivates eEF-2 A. Ricin B. Diptheria toxin C. Aminoglycosides D. Puromycin

Inactivates 28S rRNA A. Ricin B. Diptheria toxin C. Aminoglycosides D. Puromycin

A-site of ribosome; causes premature release of growing polypeptide A. Ricin B. Diptheria toxin C. Aminoglycosides D. Puromycin

Prevents initiation; 30S subunit A. Ricin B. Diptheria toxin C. Aminoglycosides D. Puromycin

Prevents binding of aminoacyl tRNAs to active site; 30S subunit A. Ricin B. Diptheria toxin C. Aminoglycosides D. Tetracyclin

Toxic molecule from castor bean

Ricin

Acts as both prokaryotes / eukaryotes

Puromycin

Inhibits peptidyltransferase; 50S subunit A. Macrolides B. Diptheria toxin C. Chloramphenicol D. Clindamycin/erythromycin

C. | Prokaryotes

Inhibits translocation; 50S subunit A. Ricin B. Diptheria toxin C. Clindamycin/erythromycin D. Puromycin

Inhibits peptidyltransferase; 60S subunit A. Cyclohexamide B. Macrolides C. Chloramphenicol