protein synthesis Flashcards
what does a gene contain
-a sequence of DNA base triplets that determines the amino acid sequence or primary structure of a polypeptide
when will a gene fold
as long as the primary structure of a polypeptide is correct it will fold correctly and be held in its tertiary structure
where does transcription happen
in the nucleus
what are the stages of transcription
- gene is unwound by gyrase and unzipped by helicase
2.hydrogen bonds between bases are broken
- RNA polymerase starts to add RNA nucleotides. This will be mRNA
4.once RNA polymerase reaches a stop codon it will deattach
- mRNA can leave through nuclear pore and into cytoplasm
what are the stages of translation
-tRNA bring amino acids and find their place when the anticodon binds by temporary hydrogen bonds to the complementary codon on the mRNA molecule
-mRNA will attach to the ribosome at the start codon
-tRNA with complementary anticodons to the start codon with attach
-tRNA will be attached to an amino acid methionine
-as the ribosome moves along the length of the mRNA, it reads each code and when 2 amino acids are next to one another peptide bonds form
-process is repeated until a stop codon is reached
what does it mean when genetic code is degenerate
this means that each amino acid has more than one triplet code that codes for the amino acids
what is nonoverlapping
the genetic code is non overlapping which means the adjacent codons do not overlap
