nucleotides and nucleic acids Flashcards
what does a nucleotide structure include
- a pentose sugar
-nitrogenous base
-a phosphate group
what nitrogenous bases can DNA include
-adenine
-cytosine
-thymine
-guamine
what nitrogenous bases can RNA include
-adenine
-cytosine
-thymine
-uracil
what pentose sugar does RNA have
ribose
what pentose sugar does DNA have
deoxyribose
what are purines and examples
nitrogenous bases with 2 carbon ring structures
-adenine and guanine
what are pyrimidines and examples
nitrogenous base with 1 carbon ring structure
-cytosine, thymine and uracil
what is thymine (or uracil in RNA) complementary to
adenine
what is guanine complementary to
cytosine
what reaction does DNA and RNA undergo
condensation reaction
what bond does nucleotides form between the monomers in a polymer
phosphodiester bond
what does the phosphodiester bond form between
the pentose sugar and phosphate of different nucleotide
what is ATP used for
-metabolism
-immediate source of energy
when is ATP made
during respiration via condensation reaction and using enzyme ATP synthase
how does ATP release energy
by breaking one of the phosphate bonds on ATP
what is in an ATP molecule
-3 phosphate hroup
-ribose sugar
-adenine
what does a DNA molecule contain
-one phosphate group
-deoxyribose
-a nitrogenous base
what is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)
carries copy gene out of the nucleus
what are some roles of mRNA
-transfers the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
-mRNA is complementary to DNA code
-small enough to leave the nuclear pores
-in cytoplasm, mRNA associates with the ribosomes
-determines the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis
-mRNA is easily broken down and only excuses whilst it is needed to manufacture a protein
-the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA is referred to as the genetic code
