Protein Synthesis Flashcards
what is protein synthesis
making proteins
What is transcription?
Taking a single gene of DNA and copying into a structure called mRNA
What is translation?
Taking mRNA strands and using its produce protein
In order to make protein specific sequences of bases has to be read by what?
a ribosome
Where are ribosomes found in the cell?
Outside the nucleus
What do you have to do to use a gene?
Make a copy so it’s small enough to leave the nucleus to make its way to the ribosome
Copy the gym to make an mRNA strand
It can leave the nucleus and bind to a ribosome
What are the differences of mRNA and DNA
mRNA is shorter than DNA
mRNA only a single strand of DNA
On an mRNA strand thymine, it contains uracil
What is transcription?
When the RNA polymerase binds to DNA just before, where the gene starts
Two strands separate so all their bases are exposed
The mRNA bases will be complimentary to the DNA and so behind together
Because they don’t have a T adenine binds to uracil
Small section of the DNA is ever exposed once it reaches the end of the chosen gene RNA detaches from the DNA (the DNA keeps on separating just ahead of the RNA polymerase and closes just behind)
The DNA then closes back up left with an mRNA
mRNA leaves the DNA and then the nucleus and heads to a ribosome
What is a template strand?
Used to make the mRNA (strand of DNA)
What is translation?
(Both DNA and mRNA triplets or codon codes for a specific acid)
mRNA strand and ribosome together the ribosome build the protein by adding amino acid at a time
Themselves brought to the ribosome by the molecule tRNA
Once the tRNA is brought to the correct amino acid and anticodons amino acids will start draining together
Once the ribosome has helped the moves along the mRNA strand
Once it is all blinded, the amino acid chain will detach from the ribosome
Finally, the chain will fold up on itself to form of protein
What does mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
What tRNA stand for
Transfer RNA
What’s the role of the transfer RNA?
Transfer RNA brings the amino acid and the anticodon to the ribosome and the mRNA strand which matches with the triplets on the mRNA strand
what is the role of a ribosome
to assemble proteins from amino acids
what is a chain of amino acids called
polypeptide
