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Biology > Dna And Genes > Flashcards

Dna And Genes Flashcards

1
Q

What does dna stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What structure is dna in

A

Double helix

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3
Q

How many chromosomes in a human are there

A

46
23 pairs

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4
Q

What is the name for the 46 sections of dna that are rolled into a tight coil

A

Chromosome

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5
Q

What is the 23rd pair of chromosomes called

A

The sex chromosomes

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6
Q

What is represented by the female sex chromosomes

A

xx

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7
Q

What is represented by the male sex chromosomes

A

xy

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8
Q

What is a gene

A

Small section of dna that codes for a protein
(Small segment of a chromosome)

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9
Q

What makes a protein

A

A sequence of amino acids

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10
Q

How many types of amino acids are there

A

20

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11
Q

What is a genome

A

Entire set of genetic material in an organism

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12
Q

What does Scientists knowing entire codes for genomes allow us to identify

A

Genes that are linked to certain diseases
Use it to develop better treatments
Trace the migration of our ancestors

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13
Q

What is it called when you inherit a disease from your parents (ancestors)

A

Inherited disease

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14
Q

what is an allele

A

Different versions of a gene

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15
Q

What is it called when the 2 alleles from parents are the same

A

Homozygous

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16
Q

What is it called when the 2 alleles from the mum and dad are different

A

Heterozygous

17
Q

When 2 alleles are different, how do we get an outcome of genes

A

One is dominant (expressed every time if present)
One is recessive (only expressed if there are 2 recessive)

18
Q

What is a genotype

A

Collection of alleles we have

19
Q

What is a phenotype

A

Characteristics you get from genotype

20
Q

DNA is a polymer,What is the name for each monomer

A

Nucleotide

21
Q

What 3 parts are each nucleotide made up of

A

Phosphate and sugar (same for every nucleotide)
Base (4 different types)

22
Q

What are the 4 types of bases

A

A, adenine
T, thymine
C, cytosine
G, guanine

23
Q

What is the name for the long chain of sugars and phosphates

A

Sugar phosphate backbone

24
Q

What does the sugar phosphate backbone form

A

Forms a protected outer casing around the bases in the middle of the

25
Q

What do the bases in the middle of the double helix do to the 2 strands

A

Holds them together

26
Q

How do bases pair up when the 2 strands come together

A

If the complementary to one another

27
Q

What is the complementary base pairing

A

A always with T
C always with G

28
Q

What is genetic code

A

Sequence of bases

29
Q

What is a triplet

A

A group of 3 bases
And codes for a specific amino acid

30
Q

When amino acids form to make a protein what happens

A

Each protein has a unique shape
Allows to carry out a particular function

31
Q

What are 3 main uses of proteins

A

Enzymes - biological catalysts
Hormones - sends messages around the body
Structural proteins - strength to cells/tissues

Biology (6 decks)

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