protein synthesis Flashcards
Protein synthesis in detail
Transcription - DNA to mRNA (in the nucleus)
- DNA helicase unzips DNA breaking hydrogen bonds exposing genetic code
- free Rna nucleotides form hydrogen bond with complementary base pairs c=-g a=u
- RNA polymerase catalyes phosphodiester bonds in the new sugar phosphate backbone for mrna
Post transcriptional modification
- mRNA undergoes some editing which will make it more stable in the cytoplasm so it survives longer and is ready for translation
Translation - mRNA to genetic code to protein
- tRNA brings unique anticodon and specific amino acid to each codon on the mRNA strand
- Complementary base pairing occurs C=-G U=T
- Enzyme in ribosome catalys the Condensation of polypeptide bonds between amino acids
Post translational modification
- Proteins are modified to ensure they are functional this can happen automatically or be controlled eg enzymes often require activation before they can work (for efficiency)
