Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio > protein synthesis > Flashcards

protein synthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

for diabetic patients can be synthesized by bacteria that have undergone recombinant DNA processes

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

A

termination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

a gene mutation where a nucletide is removed from a gene

A

deletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bonds formed between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule

A

hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

unlike DNA, RNA is a ______ stranded
molecule

A

single

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the process of creating an mRNA strand from a DNA molecule

A

transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the shape of a DNA molecule

A

double helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

something that can get DNA from one species into the cells of another species (e.g. a virus)

A

vector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

any factor which causes a mutation is called a ________

A

mutagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

A

substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DNA and RNA are both types of ________ _______ (two words)

A

nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

if a DNA strand read GATGGCTCA, the complimentary DNA strand would read _________

A

CTACCGAGT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

this type of RNA is used in the ribosome during protein synthesis

A

rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the process of DNA making copies of itself

A

replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal subunit is called ______

A

initiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DNA is found in the ______ of eukaryotic cells

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time - this unit is called a ______

A

polysome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

A

RNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a nitrogenous base with a double ring structure

A

purine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

A

histones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the enzyme that “unzips” the DNA strand during replication

A

helicase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a DNA subunit made up of three components

A

nucleotide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the three letter sequence on tRNA that is complimentary to an mRNA codon

A

anticodon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

this type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

25
Q

chromosomal _______ occur when entire portions
of chromosomes are removed

A

deletions

26
Q

a change to the base-pair sequence of a DNA molecule

A

mutation

27
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a piece of chromosome is “flipped”

A

inversion

28
Q

proteins are made up of chains of _______ strung togehter (two words)

A

amino acids

29
Q

this type of RNA brings the instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

30
Q

DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore referred to as being a ________

A

polymer

31
Q

replication of the DNA molecule is considered to be a _________ process because each daughter
strand contains half “old DNA” and half “new DNA” (two words)

A

semi conservation

32
Q

the reading of an mRNA strand by a ribosome to make a protein is called ______

A

translation

33
Q

UV light and X rays are examples of ________ mutagens

A

radiation

34
Q

a _______ mutation affects only one gene

A

gene

35
Q

HPV is an example of a _______ mutagen

A

viral

36
Q

a gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

A

addition

37
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a piece of one chromosome is transfered to another chromosome

A

translocation

38
Q

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in DNA called ________

A

uracil

39
Q

a nitrogenous base with a single ring structure

A

pyramidine

40
Q

completed proteins are sent to the ______ _______ for final processing and packaging (2 words)

A

golgi apparatus

41
Q

benzene and dioxins are examples of _______ mutagens

A

chemical

42
Q

a chromosomal mutation where a portion of a chromosome repeats itself

A

duplication

43
Q

a mutagen that causes cancer is called a

A

carcinogen

44
Q

________ mutations occur in the gametes or early on in embryological development

A

germinal

45
Q

________ bonds form between adjoining amino acids

A

peptide

46
Q

the number of purine bases will always equal the number of pyramidine bases according to __________’s rule

A

chargoff

47
Q

_______ base pairing means that only A will pair with T and only G will pair with C

A

complimentary

48
Q

the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for a __________ _________ to enter the ribosome (two
words

A

release factor

49
Q

a small, circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species

A

plasmid

50
Q

a ________ mutation affects many genes because large portions of chromosomes are altered

A

chromosomal

51
Q

addition and deletion mutations can cause devastating effects because they cause a ________ ________where all codons
downstream of the mutation are altered

A

frame shift

52
Q

the enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication

A

DNA polymerase

53
Q

the second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called _______

A

elongation

54
Q

if the DNA strand read GATCCTAA, the mRNA strand transcribed from it would read _______

A

CUAGGAUU

55
Q

strong ________ bonds form between the sugar and phosphates to form the backbone of the molecule

A

covalent

56
Q

the three letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

A

codon

57
Q

________ mutations occur in cells after birth

A

somatic

58
Q

during transcription, the ________ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule

A

sense

bio (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions