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nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

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2
Q

the portion of the cerebrum responsible for vision

A

occipital

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3
Q

the portion of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the body

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

there are 31 pairs of _____ nerves

A

spinal

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5
Q

a component of the CNS

A

brain / spinal cord

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6
Q

the nodes of _______ are breaks between myelinated sections of the axon

A

Ranvier

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7
Q

after an action potential, sodium and potassium are returned to their resting potential state by the process of _____ (2 words)

A

Active transport

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8
Q

these substances break down neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft after their release

A

Enzymes

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9
Q

the three protective membranes around the spinal cord

A

meninges

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10
Q

________ neurotransmitters make the post synaptic membrane more permeable to Na+ and therefore more likely to produce an action potential

A

Excitatory

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11
Q

the portion of the brain that receives all information from the senses (exept for smell)

A

Thalamus

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12
Q

a substance which coats the axons of nerve cells

A

myelin

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13
Q

the ventral root conducts nerve impulses ________ from the spinal cord

A

away

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14
Q

a chemical that is released to transmit a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to the next

A

Neurotransmitter

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15
Q

shorter branches of a neuron which receive nerve impulses

A

Dendrites

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16
Q

a horizontal section that connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain

A

Corpus callosum

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17
Q

_______ matter in the spinal cord contains mostly cell bodies

A

grey

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18
Q

the stage of action potential where sodium ions begin to move into the cell

A

Depolarization

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19
Q

neurons carry nerve impulses AWAY from the CNS

A

Motor / efferent

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20
Q

the central part of the neuron, where most activities related to the maintenance of the cell occur

A

Cell body

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21
Q

the sodium / potassium pump requires the energy molecule ________

A

ATP

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22
Q

axon ______ are at the end of an axon

A

Terminals

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23
Q

_______ matter in the spinal cord contains bundles of myelinated axons

A

white

24
Q

the portion of the cerebrum responsible for thinking

A

cerebrum

25
Q

the space between the axon ends of one nerve cell and the dendrites of a neighbouring cell

A

Synapse / synaptic cleft

26
Q

the portion of the cerebrum responsible for understanding speech

A

Parietal lobe

27
Q

__________ transmission occurs because of the myelinated nature of the axon

A

Saltatory

28
Q

the coated portions of the axon are called ______ cells

A

Schwann

29
Q

during resting potential, _______ is the most common ion outside of the cell

A

Sodium (Na+)

30
Q

_________ transmitters make the post synaptic membrane less permeable to Na+ and therefore less likely to produce an action potential

A

Inhibitory

31
Q

the name given to the “nerve impulse” that passes along a neuron (2 words)

A

Action potential

32
Q

the stage of action potential where potassium ions begin to move out of the cell

A

Repolarization

33
Q

the dorsal root looks different then that ventral root due to the presence of an enlargment called the dorsal root _______

A

Ganglion

34
Q

another word for “motor” neuron

A

Efferent

35
Q

another word for “sensory” neuron

A

Afferent

36
Q

the dorsal root conducts nerve impulses ________ the spinal cord

A

Toward

37
Q

the portion of the nervous system which produces the “fight or flight’ response

A

Sympathetic

38
Q

the portion of the nervous system which is “involuntary” (not under your conscious control)

A

Autonomous

39
Q

the void running down the centre of the spinal cord (2 words)

A

Central canal

40
Q

the part of the brain responsible for conscious thought

A

Frontal lobe

41
Q

the ______ period occurs when sodium and potassium ions are being returned to their resting potential concentrations

A

Refractory

42
Q

the ________ nervous system contains all the nerves that effect the skeletal muscles and sensory organs

A

somatic

43
Q

the “master gland”

A

Pituitary

44
Q

the voltage inside a neuron at resting potential is approximately _____

A

-70m V

45
Q

Nerves are bundles of individual cells called ______

A

Neurons

46
Q

one component of the CNS

A

Brain / spinal cord

47
Q

the portion of the nervous system which puts you into a more relaxed state

A

Parasympathetic

48
Q

during resting potential, _______ is the most common ion inside of the cell

A

Potassium (K+)

49
Q

a neurotransmitter released in response to the parasympathetic nervous system - puts you into a relaxed state

A

Acetylcholine

50
Q

an involuntary response which bypasses the brain

A

Reflex

51
Q

the lobe of the cerebrum responsible for hearing and smelling

A

Temporal lobe

52
Q

a type of neuron found only in the CNS

A

Interneuron

53
Q

______ contain the neurotransmitters within the axon terminals

A

Vesicles

54
Q

a neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic nervous system to induce the fight or flight response

A

noradrenalin

55
Q

the part of the brain responsible for balance

A

Cerebellum

56
Q

portion of the nervous system that is not the CNS

A

peripheral

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