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digestive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

these finger-like projections increase the surface area for absorption in the small intestine

A

villi

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2
Q

a lump of chewed food that moves into the stomach

A

bolus

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3
Q

these hard structures help to mechanically digest food in the mouth

A

teeth

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4
Q

this organ produces bile

A

liver

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5
Q

an enzyme which breaks the subunits of DNA and RNA into a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

A

nucleotidase

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6
Q

the inactive form of the enzyme trypsin

A

trypsinogen

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7
Q

_______ gets broken down into amino acids in the digestive system

A

protein

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8
Q

a small, finger-like projection located at the junction of the small and large intestines, which is believed to store bacteria that are important to the proper functioning of the digestive system

A

appendix

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9
Q

a small capillary of the lymphatic system, found in the villi, which absorbs fat

A

lacteal

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10
Q

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest maltose

A

maltase

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11
Q

_______ juice contains HI and pepsin

A

gastric

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12
Q

______ digestion is carried out by enzymes in the digestive system

A

chemical

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13
Q

_________ get digested into glycerol and fatty acids in the digestive system

A

fats

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14
Q

this substance lines the stomach to protect it from damage from the stomach contents

A

mucus

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15
Q

this substance is broken down by bile

A

fat

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16
Q

bile works to _______ fats, separating large drops into tiny droplets

A

emulsify

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17
Q

the slurry of water and partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the duodenum

A

chyme

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18
Q

the _______ duct carries bile from the gall
bladder to the duodenum

A

common bile

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19
Q

folds in the wall of the stomach

A

rugae

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20
Q

this liquid is secreted into the mouth

A

saliva

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21
Q

the _________ sphincter regulates the amount of chyme which is passed from the stomach to the duodenum

A

pyloric

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22
Q

the tube connecting the mouth to the stomach

A

esophagus

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23
Q

this structure stores feces before it is eliminated

A

rectum

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24
Q

the esophagus and intestines move food along their lengths using rhythmic muscle contractions called ______

A

peristalsis

25
Q

a hormone, secreted by the pancreas, which stimulates the liver to release stored glycogen in order to increase blood glucose levels

A

glucagon

26
Q

this structure is responsible for the absorption of water after the digestive process is complete

A

large intestine

27
Q

a hormone, secreted by the pancreas, which stimulates the uptake of glucose from the blood by cells

A

insulin

28
Q

a substance produced by the liver used in digestion

A

bile

29
Q

tiny finger-like projections on the villi whch further increase the surface area of the small intestine

A

microvilli

30
Q

a large sac in which the digestion of protein begins

A

stomach

31
Q

a region at the back of the throat where the mouth, nasal cavity, and top of the esophagus all meet

A

oralpharynx

32
Q

an enzyme which breaks down the disaccharide found in cow’s milk

A

lactase

33
Q

this structure is responisble for both the digestion AND absorption of food nutrients

A

small intestine

34
Q

an enzyme which works in the small intestine to digest peptides

A

peptidase

35
Q

an enzyme which acts in the duodenum to break down starch

A

pancreatic amylase

36
Q

a flap of skin which covers the internal nares (which lead to your nasal cavity) during swallowing

A

uvula

37
Q

this organ secretes several digestive enzymes into the small intestine

A

pancreas

38
Q

How many anal sphincters does the average human have?

A

two

39
Q

carbs and protein are absorbed into the _______ system of the body

A

circulatory

40
Q

the ______ vein takes nutrient rich blood from the capillaries surrounding the small intestine to the liver

A

hepatic portal

41
Q

feces is eliminated through this opening in the body

A

anus

42
Q

fats are absorbed into the _________ system of the body

A

lymphatic

43
Q

salivary _______ breaks down starch into
maltose in the mouth

A

amylase

44
Q

the first 25 - 30 cm of the small intestine. Much of the chemical digestion of food occurs here.

A

duodenum

45
Q

another name for the large intestine

A

colon

46
Q

__________ digestion is carried out by the
teeth, tongue, and stomach

A

mechanical

47
Q

________ juice contains many enzymes,
including trypsinogen, lipase, and amylase

A

pancreatic

48
Q

the inactive form of the enzyme pepsin

A

pepsinogen

49
Q

the _______ sphincter prevents the backflow of material from the stomach into the esophagus

A

cardiac

50
Q

the pancreatic ________ carries pancreatic juice to the common bile duct where the two join to empty into the duodenum

A

duct

51
Q

an open sore on the wall of the stomach

A

ulcer

52
Q

________ is the main substance re-absorbed by the large intestine

A

water

53
Q

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest fats

A

lipase

54
Q

this enzyme is secreted by the stomach to digest protein

A

pepsin

55
Q

this structure stores bile

A

gallbladder

56
Q

an enzyme which is produced by the pancreas and works to digest RNA and DNA

A

nuclease

57
Q

an enzyme which works in the duodenum to digest protein

A

trypsin

58
Q

this substance is broken down by saliva

A

starch

59
Q

this substance is secreted by the stomach to break down food

A

acid

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