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biochemestry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a polymer made up of many amino acids joined together

A

polypeptide

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2
Q

a fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called

A

saturated

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3
Q

soap is one type of _____, which are substances which help break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help them mix with water

A

emulsifier

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4
Q

a nucleus acid which is single stranded

A

RNA

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5
Q

this process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

hydrolysis

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6
Q

the carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants

A

cellulose

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7
Q

another name for “fat”

A

lipid

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8
Q

the storage form of carbohydrate in plants

A

starch

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9
Q

acidity is created by an excess of _____ ions in solution

A

hydrogen

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10
Q

heavy ______ can alter the three dimensional shape of a protein

A

metals

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11
Q

a nucleotide is made up of a ______, a pentose, and a nitrogenous base

A

phosphate

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12
Q

a pH above 7 is considered ________

A

basic

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13
Q

this element, common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances

A

carbon

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14
Q

forms with two glucose molecules are joined together

A

maltose

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15
Q

________ are lipids which contain four rings in their chemical structure

A

steroids

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16
Q

a nucleus acid with a double helix shape

A

DNA

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17
Q

_______ bonds are strong

A

covalent

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18
Q

a six carbon sugar

A

hexose

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19
Q

the subunit which makes up nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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20
Q

a five carbon sugar

A

pentose

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21
Q

this level of protein structure can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

secondary

22
Q

a pH below 7 is considered

A

acidic

23
Q

a carbohydrate made up of many subunits

A

polysaccharide

24
Q

a fatty acid which contains at least on double bond between carbon atoms is called

A

unsaturated

25
Q

this level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up protein

A

primary

26
Q

how many different kinds of amino acids exist

A

20

27
Q

carbohydrates provide us with ______

A

energy

28
Q

a special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

A

ATP

29
Q

compounds which are primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called _______ compounds

A

organic

30
Q

a pH of 7 is considered _____

A

neutral

31
Q

a proteins 3 dimensional shape is extremely important in order for it to ______ properly

A

function

32
Q

_________ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane

A

phospholipids

33
Q

water is a good solvent because its molecules are ____- having a slight positive and negative charge

A

polar

34
Q

a disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together

A

sucrose

35
Q

a carbohydrate made up of only one sub unit

A

monosaccharide

36
Q

this process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

dehydration synthesis

37
Q

excessive ______ can cause a protein to lose its three dimensional shape

A

heat

38
Q

the term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape

A

denaturation

39
Q

the sub unit that makes up polypeptides (proteins)

A

amino acid

40
Q

a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is characteristic of _______ molecule

A

carbohydrate

41
Q

a neutral fat that contained glycerol and only one fatty acid chain would be called a ______ glyceride

A

mono

42
Q

a substance which helps hold the pH of a solution relatively constant is called a _______

A

buffer

43
Q

the type of carbohydrate used in your cells

A

glucose

44
Q

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

pH

45
Q

a carbohydrate made up of two subunits (or rings)

A

disaccharide

46
Q

hydrogen bonds are ______ bonds

A

weak

47
Q

this level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with eachother to form a larger protein structure

A

quaternary

48
Q

the storage form of carbohydrate in animals

A

glycogen

49
Q

this is the sequence of three atoms which is characterful amino acid

A

NCC

50
Q

this level of protein structure when the protein begins to fold upon itself, creating a 3D shape

A

tertiary

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