biochemestry Flashcards
a polymer made up of many amino acids joined together
polypeptide
a fatty acid which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called
saturated
soap is one type of _____, which are substances which help break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help them mix with water
emulsifier
a nucleus acid which is single stranded
RNA
this process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers
hydrolysis
the carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants
cellulose
another name for “fat”
lipid
the storage form of carbohydrate in plants
starch
acidity is created by an excess of _____ ions in solution
hydrogen
heavy ______ can alter the three dimensional shape of a protein
metals
a nucleotide is made up of a ______, a pentose, and a nitrogenous base
phosphate
a pH above 7 is considered ________
basic
this element, common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances
carbon
forms with two glucose molecules are joined together
maltose
________ are lipids which contain four rings in their chemical structure
steroids
a nucleus acid with a double helix shape
DNA
_______ bonds are strong
covalent
a six carbon sugar
hexose
the subunit which makes up nucleic acids
nucleotide
a five carbon sugar
pentose
this level of protein structure can either be an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
secondary
a pH below 7 is considered
acidic
a carbohydrate made up of many subunits
polysaccharide
a fatty acid which contains at least on double bond between carbon atoms is called
unsaturated
this level of protein structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up protein
primary
how many different kinds of amino acids exist
20
carbohydrates provide us with ______
energy
a special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms
ATP
compounds which are primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called _______ compounds
organic
a pH of 7 is considered _____
neutral
a proteins 3 dimensional shape is extremely important in order for it to ______ properly
function
_________ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane
phospholipids
water is a good solvent because its molecules are ____- having a slight positive and negative charge
polar
a disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose molecule join together
sucrose
a carbohydrate made up of only one sub unit
monosaccharide
this process creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers
dehydration synthesis
excessive ______ can cause a protein to lose its three dimensional shape
heat
the term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape
denaturation
the sub unit that makes up polypeptides (proteins)
amino acid
a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is characteristic of _______ molecule
carbohydrate
a neutral fat that contained glycerol and only one fatty acid chain would be called a ______ glyceride
mono
a substance which helps hold the pH of a solution relatively constant is called a _______
buffer
the type of carbohydrate used in your cells
glucose
a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a substance
pH
a carbohydrate made up of two subunits (or rings)
disaccharide
hydrogen bonds are ______ bonds
weak
this level of protein structure occurs when two or more proteins join with eachother to form a larger protein structure
quaternary
the storage form of carbohydrate in animals
glycogen
this is the sequence of three atoms which is characterful amino acid
NCC
this level of protein structure when the protein begins to fold upon itself, creating a 3D shape
tertiary
