PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 1

through this, the “working copies” of DNA is expressed through transcription and then further translated

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

does not contain equal amounts of specific bases and molecules

Answer 2

RNA

Question 3

types of RNA

Answer 3

hnRNA
snRNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

Question 4

hnRNA

Answer 4

HETEROGENOUS NUCLEAR RNA

Question 5

snRNA

Answer 5

SMALL NUCLEAR RNA

Question 6

mRNA

Answer 6

MESSENGER RNA

Question 7

rRNA

Answer 7

RIBOSOMAL RNA

Question 8

tRNA

Answer 8

TRANSFER RNA

Question 9

type of RNA that directly by DNA transcription

Answer 9

hnRNA

Question 10

type of RNA wherein post-transcription processing converts heterogenous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA

Answer 10

hnRNA

Question 11

type of RNA that facilitates the conversion of heterogenous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA

Answer 11

snRNA

Question 12

type of RNA that contains from 100 - 200 nucleotides

Answer 12

snRNA

Question 13

type of RNA that carries genetic information to the site for protein synthesis

Answer 13

mRNA

Question 14

type of RNA that combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes

Answer 14

mRNA

Question 15

type of RNA that has the most abundant type of RNA in a cell

Answer 15

rRNA

Question 16

percentage of rRNA in a cell

Answer 16

75% - 80%

Question 17

type of RNA that delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis

Answer 17

tRNA

Question 18

type of RNA that are smallest of the RNAs and possess only 75-90 nucleotide units

Answer 18

tRNA

Question 19

process by which DNA directs synthesis of hnRNA or mRNA molecules that carry code information needed for protein synthesis

Answer 19

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 20

short segment of DNA strand that contains instructions for formation of specific hnRNA/mRNA

Answer 20

GENE

Question 21

segment of a DNA strand that contains the base sequence for production of specific hnRNA/mRNA

Answer 21

GENE

Question 22

genes are composed of how many units of nucleotide

Answer 22

1000-3500

Question 23

all of the genetic material / total DNA contained in the chromosomes of an organism

Answer 23

GENOME

Question 24

strand of DNA used for hnRNA/mRNA synthesis

Answer 24

TEMPLATE STRAND

Question 25

the other DNA strand that gives the base sequence present in the hnRNA strand being synthesized

Answer 25

INFORMATIONAL STRAND

Question 26

precursor of mRNA

Answer 26

hnRNA

Question 27

RNA produced from a gene through transcription

Answer 27

hnRNA

Question 28

expression of genetic information

Answer 28

EXON

Question 29

gene segment that conveys or codes for genetic info

Answer 29

EXON

Question 30

interruption of genetic information

Answer 30

INTRON

Question 31

gene segment that does not convey or codes for genetic information

Answer 31

INTRON

Question 32

process of removing introns from an hnRNA molecule and joining remaining exons to form mRNA molecule

Answer 32

SPLICING snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle) "snurps"

Question 33

large assembly of snRNA molecules and proteins involved in the conversion of hnRNA molecules to mRNA molecules

Answer 33

SPLICEOSOMES

Question 34

process which several different proteins that are variations of a basic structural motif can be produced from a single gene

Answer 34

ALTERNATIVE SPLICING

Question 35

all of mRNA molecules that can be generated from the genetic material in a genome

Answer 35

TRANSCRIPTOME

Question 36

assignment of 64 mRNA codons to specific amino acids

Answer 36

GENETIC CODE

Question 37

how many mRNA codons are there in a/the genetic code

Answer 37

64

Question 38

three-nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

Answer 38

CODON

Question 39

known to be highly degenerate and many amino acids are designated by more than one codon

Answer 39

GENETIC CODE TABLE

Question 40

amino acids with only a single codon

Answer 40

MET & TRP Methionine and Tryptophan

Question 41

initiation codon

Answer 41

AUG Met|hionine

Question 42

stop codons

Answer 42

UAG UAA UGA

Question 43

loop opposite of the open end of the cloverleaf and is the site for a sequence of three bases

Answer 43

ANTICODON

Question 44

three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on an mRNA molecule

Answer 44

ANTICODON

Question 45

ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at third base

Answer 45

WOBBLE

Question 46

process by which mRNA codons are deciphered and a particular protein molecule is synthesized

Answer 46

TRANSLATION

Question 47

substances needed for the translation phase of protein synthesis

Answer 47

mRNA tRNA amino acids ribosomes number of different enzymes

Question 48

rRNA-protein complex that serves as site for translation phase of protein synthesis

Answer 48

RIBOSOMES

Question 49

five general steps to the translation process

Answer 49

1) activation of tRNA 2) initiation 3) elongation 4) termination 5) post-translational processing

Question 50

P site is also known

Answer 50

peptidyl site

Question 51

A site

Answer 51

aminoacyl site

Question 52

part of translation where ribosomes moves down an mRNA molecule three base position so that a new codon can occupy the ribosomal subunit

Answer 52

TRANSLOCATION

Question 53

step in the translation phase where amino acid interacts with ATP to become highly energized

Answer 53

STEP 1: ACTIVATION OF tRNA

Question 54

step in the translation phase wherein mRNA attaches to ribosome so that first codon is at P site

Answer 54

STEP 2: INITIATION

Question 55

step in the translation phase wherein another tRNA with second amino acid binds at the A site

Answer 55

STEP 3: ELONGATION

Question 56

step in the translation phase wherein the polypeptide chain continues to lengthen until stop codon appears

Answer 56

STEP 4: TERMINATION

Question 57

step in the translation phase wherein during the post-translation processing, the cleavage of Met usually occurs

Answer 57

STEP 5: POST-TRANSLATION PROCESSING