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NUCLEIC ACIDS > PROTEIN SYNTHESIS > Flashcards

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Flashcards

1
Q

through this, the “working copies” of DNA is expressed through transcription and then further translated

A

RNA

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2
Q

does not contain equal amounts of specific bases and molecules

A

RNA

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3
Q

types of RNA

A

hnRNA
snRNA
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

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4
Q

hnRNA

A

HETEROGENOUS NUCLEAR RNA

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5
Q

snRNA

A

SMALL NUCLEAR RNA

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6
Q

mRNA

A

MESSENGER RNA

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7
Q

rRNA

A

RIBOSOMAL RNA

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8
Q

tRNA

A

TRANSFER RNA

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9
Q

type of RNA that directly by DNA transcription

A

hnRNA

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10
Q

type of RNA wherein post-transcription processing converts heterogenous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA

A

hnRNA

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11
Q

type of RNA that facilitates the conversion of heterogenous nuclear RNA to messenger RNA

A

snRNA

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12
Q

type of RNA that contains from 100 - 200 nucleotides

A

snRNA

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13
Q

type of RNA that carries genetic information to the site for protein synthesis

A

mRNA

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14
Q

type of RNA that combines with specific proteins to form ribosomes

A

mRNA

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15
Q

type of RNA that has the most abundant type of RNA in a cell

A

rRNA

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16
Q

percentage of rRNA in a cell

A

75% - 80%

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17
Q

type of RNA that delivers amino acids to the sites for protein synthesis

A

tRNA

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18
Q

type of RNA that are smallest of the RNAs and possess only 75-90 nucleotide units

A

tRNA

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19
Q

process by which DNA directs synthesis of hnRNA or mRNA molecules that carry code information needed for protein synthesis

A

TRANSCRIPTION

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20
Q

short segment of DNA strand that contains instructions for formation of specific hnRNA/mRNA

A

GENE

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21
Q

segment of a DNA strand that contains the base sequence for production of specific hnRNA/mRNA

A

GENE

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22
Q

genes are composed of how many units of nucleotide

A

1000-3500

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23
Q

all of the genetic material / total DNA contained in the chromosomes of an organism

24
Q

strand of DNA used for hnRNA/mRNA synthesis

A

TEMPLATE STRAND

25
Q

the other DNA strand that gives the base sequence present in the hnRNA strand being synthesized

A

INFORMATIONAL STRAND

26
Q

precursor of mRNA

27
Q

RNA produced from a gene through transcription

28
Q

expression of genetic information

29
Q

gene segment that conveys or codes for genetic info

30
Q

interruption of genetic information

31
Q

gene segment that does not convey or codes for genetic information

32
Q

process of removing introns from an hnRNA molecule and joining remaining exons to form mRNA molecule

A

SPLICING
snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle)
“snurps”

33
Q

large assembly of snRNA molecules and proteins involved in the conversion of hnRNA molecules to mRNA molecules

A

SPLICEOSOMES

34
Q

process which several different proteins that are variations of a basic structural motif can be produced from a single gene

A

ALTERNATIVE SPLICING

35
Q

all of mRNA molecules that can be generated from the genetic material in a genome

A

TRANSCRIPTOME

36
Q

assignment of 64 mRNA codons to specific amino acids

A

GENETIC CODE

37
Q

how many mRNA codons are there in a/the genetic code

38
Q

three-nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid

39
Q

known to be highly degenerate and many amino acids are designated by more than one codon

A

GENETIC CODE TABLE

40
Q

amino acids with only a single codon

A

MET & TRP
Methionine and Tryptophan

41
Q

initiation codon

A

AUG
Met|hionine

42
Q

stop codons

43
Q

loop opposite of the open end of the cloverleaf and is the site for a sequence of three bases

44
Q

three-nucleotide sequence on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon on an mRNA molecule

45
Q

ability of certain anticodons to pair with codons that differ at third base

46
Q

process by which mRNA codons are deciphered and a particular protein molecule is synthesized

A

TRANSLATION

47
Q

substances needed for the translation phase of protein synthesis

A

mRNA
tRNA
amino acids
ribosomes
number of different enzymes

48
Q

rRNA-protein complex that serves as site for translation phase of protein synthesis

49
Q

five general steps to the translation process

A

1) activation of tRNA
2) initiation
3) elongation
4) termination
5) post-translational processing

50
Q

P site is also known

A

peptidyl site

51
Q

A site

A

aminoacyl site

52
Q

part of translation where ribosomes moves down an mRNA molecule three base position so that a new codon can occupy the ribosomal subunit

A

TRANSLOCATION

53
Q

step in the translation phase where amino acid interacts with ATP to become highly energized

A

STEP 1: ACTIVATION OF tRNA

54
Q

step in the translation phase wherein mRNA attaches to ribosome so that first codon is at P site

A

STEP 2: INITIATION

55
Q

step in the translation phase wherein another tRNA with second amino acid binds at the A site

A

STEP 3: ELONGATION

56
Q

step in the translation phase wherein the polypeptide chain continues to lengthen until stop codon appears

A

STEP 4: TERMINATION

57
Q

step in the translation phase wherein during the post-translation processing, the cleavage of Met usually occurs

A

STEP 5: POST-TRANSLATION PROCESSING

NUCLEIC ACIDS (8 decks)

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