Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUCLEIC ACIDS > DNA DOUBLE HELIX to PACKAGING OF DNA > Flashcards

DNA DOUBLE HELIX to PACKAGING OF DNA Flashcards

1
Q

A & T and G&C are what kind of strands

A

COMPLEMENTARY STRANDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA contains how many percentages in each cyclic base?

A

A = 30%
T = 30%
G = 20%
C = 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
two strands of DNA in a double helix are IDENTICAL

A

FALSE, not identical because they are complementary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Purine and pyrimidine bases are HYDROPHOBIC in nature

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the most common or principal form of the DNA

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a form of DNA that has fewer residues per turn and major and minor grooves with dimensions

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Found as an artifact of DNA preparation or dehydrated B-DNA samples

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

occurs naturally under certain circumstances

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

has zigzag look of the phosphodiester backbone when viewed from the side

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
HELIX TURN: right-handed

A

A AND B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
HELIX TURN: left-handed

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MAJOR GROOVE: narrow and deep

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MAJOR GROOVE: wide and deep

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MAJOR GROOVE: flat

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MINOR GROOVE: wide and shallow

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MINOR GROOVE: narrow and deep

A

B AND Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
NO. OF BASE PAIRS PER HELICAL TURN: 11

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
NO. OF BASE PAIRS PER HELICAL TURN: 10

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
NO. OF BASE PAIRS PER HELICAL TURN: 12

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
PRESENT MOSTLY IN: DNA-RNA hybrids or RNA-RNA double-stranded region

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
PRESENT MOSTLY IN: chromosomal DNA

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
PRESENT MOSTLY IN: sequence of alternating purines and pyrimidines

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

have closed, circular DNA molecules in their mitochondria

A

EUKARYOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

contains single, double-stranded, supercoiled and circular chromosomes

A

PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules

A

PLASMIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

carries genetic info and undergoes replication that may or may not be synchronized to chromosomal division

A

PLASMID DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

carry genes that convey antibiotic resistance to the host bacterium

A

PLASMIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

may facilitate the transfer of genetic info from one bacterium to another

A

PLASMIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

introduces torsional stress that favors unwinding right-handed B-DNA double helix

A

NEGATIVE SUPERCOILING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

overwinds B-DNA double helix

A

POSITIVE SUPERCOILING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Naturally occurring circular DNA is POSITIVELY supercoiled including during replication

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

enzymes that are involved in changing the supercoiled state of DNA

A

TOPOISOMERASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

2 TYPES OF TYPOISOMERASE

A

CLASS I
CLASS II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

DNA is found in the cytoplasm and not found in the organelles

A

PROKARYOTIC

35
Q

DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell, in the chloroplast and mitochondria

A

EUKARYOTIC

36
Q

has one copy of genome

A

PROKARYOTIC

37
Q

has small numbers of genes

A

PROKARYOTIC

37
Q

organized into single chromosome

A

PROKARYOTIC

38
Q

not packed w/ histones and condenses to form nucleoid

A

PROKARYOTIC

39
Q

small amount of DNA in the form of singular circular chromosomes

A

PROKARYOTIC

40
Q

introns are absent

A

PROKARYOTIC

41
Q

DNA replication happens in the cytoplasm

A

PROKARYOTIC

42
Q

chromosome has single origin of replication

A

PROKARYOTIC

43
Q

DNA replication is rapid

A

PROKARYOTIC

44
Q

has more than one copy of genome

A

EUKARYOTIC

45
Q

has large number of genes

A

EUKARYOTIC

46
Q

organized into many chromosomes

A

EUKARYOTIC

47
Q

packed with histones to form chromatin

A

EUKARYOTIC

48
Q

more DNA arranged in multiple, linear chromosomes

A

EUKARYOTIC

49
Q

introns are present

A

EUKARYOTIC

50
Q

DNA replication happens in the nucleus

A

EUKARYOTIC

51
Q

chromosome contains many origin of replication

A

EUKARYOTIC

52
Q

DNA replication is slow

A

EUKARYOTIC

53
Q

each chromosome in the nucleus of this DNA has one long, linear molecule of dsDNA

A

EUKARYOTE

54
Q

one long, linear molecule of dsDNA is bound to a complex mixture of proteins to form ________

A

CHROMATIN

55
Q

this organism contains single, double-stranded, supercoiled, circular chromosomes

A

PROKARYOTIC ORGANISM

56
Q

prokaryotic chromosome is associated with non-histone proteins that condense with DNA to from ______

A

NUCLEOID

57
Q

a type of topoisomerase that cuts the phosphodiester backbone of one strand, pass it to the other and reseal the backbone

A

CLASS I

58
Q

a type of topoisomerase that cuts both strands of the DNA, pass the remaining DNA helix and reseal

A

CLASS II

59
Q

a bacterial topoisomerase that introduce negative supercoils in the DNA

A

DNA gyrase

60
Q

What type of anticancer agent targets human topoisomerase II?

A

ETOPOSIDE 3

61
Q

It is a unique target of a group of anti-microbial agent called quinolones

A

BACTERIAL DNA GYRASE

62
Q

a group of anti-microbial agents

A

Quinolones

63
Q

Resulting material of the reaction of negative charged phosphate (DNA) and positively charged groups (proteins)

A

CHROMATIN

64
Q

Principal proteins in chromatin

A

HISTONES

65
Q

Five types if histones

A

H1
H2A
H2B
H3
H4

66
Q

DNA is tightly bound to all types of Histones except _______?

A

H1

67
Q

this part of a DNA is analogous to a “necklace” which has beads on the string

A

CHROMATIN

68
Q

each “bead” on a chromatin are what part of a chromatin?

A

NUCLEOSOME

69
Q

name the material that is wrapped around a nucleosome

A

HISTONES

70
Q

complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic nuclei

A

CHROMATIN

71
Q

basic proteins found complex to eukaryotic nuclei

A

HISTONES

72
Q

globular structure in chromatin where DNA is wrapped around an aggregate of histone molecules

A

NUCLEOSOME

73
Q

Individual DNA molecule bound to a group of proteins

A

CHROMOSOMES

74
Q

Chromosomes are typically ____% by mass DNA and ____% by mass proteins

A

15 & 85

75
Q

Process of packaging DNA

A

1) Naked DNA
2) Nucleosome “beads”
3) Nucleofilament
4) Nucleofilament is coiled and anchored to scatfold protein
5) Mitotic chromosome

76
Q

how long is the nucleofilament?

A

30 nm

77
Q

this is a highly condensed chromatin

A

MITOTIC CHROMOSOME

78
Q

shelterin is located at s line of linear chromosome

A

TELOMERE

79
Q

DNA-protein complexes that protects telomeres

A

SHELTERIN

80
Q

used to maintain structure integrity that protects the chromosomes

A

TELOMERE

81
Q

known as RNA-directed DNA polymerase

A

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

82
Q

used by retroviruses for reverse transcription

A

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

NUCLEIC ACIDS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions