Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACIDS > DNA DOUBLE HELIX to PACKAGING OF DNA > Flashcards

DNA DOUBLE HELIX to PACKAGING OF DNA Flashcards

1
Q

A & T and G&C are what kind of strands

A

COMPLEMENTARY STRANDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA contains how many percentages in each cyclic base?

A

A = 30%
T = 30%
G = 20%
C = 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
two strands of DNA in a double helix are IDENTICAL

A

FALSE, not identical because they are complementary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Purine and pyrimidine bases are HYDROPHOBIC in nature

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the most common or principal form of the DNA

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a form of DNA that has fewer residues per turn and major and minor grooves with dimensions

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Found as an artifact of DNA preparation or dehydrated B-DNA samples

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

occurs naturally under certain circumstances

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

has zigzag look of the phosphodiester backbone when viewed from the side

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
HELIX TURN: right-handed

A

A AND B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
HELIX TURN: left-handed

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MAJOR GROOVE: narrow and deep

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MAJOR GROOVE: wide and deep

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MAJOR GROOVE: flat

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MINOR GROOVE: wide and shallow

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
MINOR GROOVE: narrow and deep

A

B AND Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
NO. OF BASE PAIRS PER HELICAL TURN: 11

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
NO. OF BASE PAIRS PER HELICAL TURN: 10

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
NO. OF BASE PAIRS PER HELICAL TURN: 12

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
PRESENT MOSTLY IN: DNA-RNA hybrids or RNA-RNA double-stranded region

A

A-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
PRESENT MOSTLY IN: chromosomal DNA

A

B-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A, B OR Z-DNA
PRESENT MOSTLY IN: sequence of alternating purines and pyrimidines

A

Z-DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

have closed, circular DNA molecules in their mitochondria

A

EUKARYOTES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

contains single, double-stranded, supercoiled and circular chromosomes

A

PROKARYOTIC ORGANISMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
small, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules
PLASMIDS
26
carries genetic info and undergoes replication that may or may not be synchronized to chromosomal division
PLASMID DNA
27
carry genes that convey antibiotic resistance to the host bacterium
PLASMIDS
28
may facilitate the transfer of genetic info from one bacterium to another
PLASMIDS
29
introduces torsional stress that favors unwinding right-handed B-DNA double helix
NEGATIVE SUPERCOILING
30
overwinds B-DNA double helix
POSITIVE SUPERCOILING
31
TRUE OR FALSE: Naturally occurring circular DNA is POSITIVELY supercoiled including during replication
FALSE
32
enzymes that are involved in changing the supercoiled state of DNA
TOPOISOMERASE
33
2 TYPES OF TYPOISOMERASE
CLASS I CLASS II
34
DNA is found in the cytoplasm and not found in the organelles
PROKARYOTIC
35
DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell, in the chloroplast and mitochondria
EUKARYOTIC
36
has one copy of genome
PROKARYOTIC
37
has small numbers of genes
PROKARYOTIC
37
organized into single chromosome
PROKARYOTIC
38
not packed w/ histones and condenses to form nucleoid
PROKARYOTIC
39
small amount of DNA in the form of singular circular chromosomes
PROKARYOTIC
40
introns are absent
PROKARYOTIC
41
DNA replication happens in the cytoplasm
PROKARYOTIC
42
chromosome has single origin of replication
PROKARYOTIC
43
DNA replication is rapid
PROKARYOTIC
44
has more than one copy of genome
EUKARYOTIC
45
has large number of genes
EUKARYOTIC
46
organized into many chromosomes
EUKARYOTIC
47
packed with histones to form chromatin
EUKARYOTIC
48
more DNA arranged in multiple, linear chromosomes
EUKARYOTIC
49
introns are present
EUKARYOTIC
50
DNA replication happens in the nucleus
EUKARYOTIC
51
chromosome contains many origin of replication
EUKARYOTIC
52
DNA replication is slow
EUKARYOTIC
53
each chromosome in the nucleus of this DNA has one long, linear molecule of dsDNA
EUKARYOTE
54
one long, linear molecule of dsDNA is bound to a complex mixture of proteins to form ________
CHROMATIN
55
this organism contains single, double-stranded, supercoiled, circular chromosomes
PROKARYOTIC ORGANISM
56
prokaryotic chromosome is associated with non-histone proteins that condense with DNA to from ______
NUCLEOID
57
a type of topoisomerase that cuts the phosphodiester backbone of one strand, pass it to the other and reseal the backbone
CLASS I
58
a type of topoisomerase that cuts both strands of the DNA, pass the remaining DNA helix and reseal
CLASS II
59
a bacterial topoisomerase that introduce negative supercoils in the DNA
DNA gyrase
60
What type of anticancer agent targets human topoisomerase II?
ETOPOSIDE 3
61
It is a unique target of a group of anti-microbial agent called quinolones
BACTERIAL DNA GYRASE
62
a group of anti-microbial agents
Quinolones
63
Resulting material of the reaction of negative charged phosphate (DNA) and positively charged groups (proteins)
CHROMATIN
64
Principal proteins in chromatin
HISTONES
65
Five types if histones
H1 H2A H2B H3 H4
66
DNA is tightly bound to all types of Histones except _______?
H1
67
this part of a DNA is analogous to a "necklace" which has beads on the string
CHROMATIN
68
each "bead" on a chromatin are what part of a chromatin?
NUCLEOSOME
69
name the material that is wrapped around a nucleosome
HISTONES
70
complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic nuclei
CHROMATIN
71
basic proteins found complex to eukaryotic nuclei
HISTONES
72
globular structure in chromatin where DNA is wrapped around an aggregate of histone molecules
NUCLEOSOME
73
Individual DNA molecule bound to a group of proteins
CHROMOSOMES
74
Chromosomes are typically ____% by mass DNA and ____% by mass proteins
15 & 85
75
Process of packaging DNA
1) Naked DNA 2) Nucleosome "beads" 3) Nucleofilament 4) Nucleofilament is coiled and anchored to scatfold protein 5) Mitotic chromosome
76
how long is the nucleofilament?
30 nm
77
this is a highly condensed chromatin
MITOTIC CHROMOSOME
78
shelterin is located at s line of linear chromosome
TELOMERE
79
DNA-protein complexes that protects telomeres
SHELTERIN
80
used to maintain structure integrity that protects the chromosomes
TELOMERE
81
known as RNA-directed DNA polymerase
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
82
used by retroviruses for reverse transcription
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

NUCLEIC ACIDS (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions