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NUCLEIC ACIDS > ANTIBIOTIC to MUTATION > Flashcards

ANTIBIOTIC to MUTATION Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
human ribosomes are smaller than bacterial ribosomes

A

FALSE

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2
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
bacterial ribosomes are larger than human ribosomes

A

FALSE

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3
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
human ribosomes are much larger than bacterial ribosomes

A

TRUE

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4
Q

initiator codon of bacteria

A

N-FORMYLMETHIONINE

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5
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
in humans, mRNA begins while being transcribed from DNA

A

FALSE

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6
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
in bacteria, mRNA begins while being transcribed from DNA

A

TRUE

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7
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
in humans, mRNA translation begins only after transcription

A

TRUE

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8
Q

TRUE/FALSE:
in bacteria, mRNA translation begins only after transcription

A

FALSE

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9
Q

HUMAN/BACTERIA:
mRNA translation begins only after transcription

A

HUMAN

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10
Q

HUMAN/BACTERIA:
mRNA begins while being transcribed from DNA

A

BACTERIA

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11
Q

HUMAN/BACTERIA:
very little processing time after being transcribed and very-short lived

A

BACTERIA

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12
Q

HUMAN/BACTERIA:
mRNA undergoes considerable processing before mature RNA is formed

A

HUMAN

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13
Q

name the five antibiotics

A

ERYTHROMYCIN
TERRAMYCIN
STREPTOMYCIN
NEOMYCIN
CHLORAMPHENICOL

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14
Q

type of antibiotics that binds larger bacterial ribosomes subunit

A

ERYTHROMYCIN

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15
Q

type of antibiotics that blocks the exit of a growing peptide chain

A

ERYTHROMYCIN

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16
Q

type of antibiotics that blocks the A-site location on the ribosome

A

TERRAMYCIN

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17
Q

type of antibiotics that prevents the attachment of amino-acid carrying tRNAs

A

TERRAMYCIN

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18
Q

type of antibiotics that binds to the smaller bacterial ribosome subunit causing a shape change and causes a misreading of mRNA info

A

STREPTOMYCIN

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19
Q

type of antibiotics that bind to smaller bacterial ribosomes subunit and is similar to streptomycin

A

NEOMYCIN

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20
Q

type of antibiotics that binds to ribosome and interferes with formation of peptide bonds between amino acids

A

CHLORAMPHENICOL

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21
Q

error in base sequence in a gene that is reproduced during DNA replication and alters genetic info that is passed on during transcription

A

MUTATION

22
Q

substance or agent that causes change in structure of gene

A

MUTAGEN

23
Q

types of mutation

A

GENE/DNA
CHROMOSOME

24
Q

permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene

A

GENE/DNA MUTATION

25
Q

alterations that affects whole chromosomes and whole genes rather than just individual nucleotide

A

CHROMOSOME MUTATION

26
Q

classification of gene/dna mutation

A

POINT
FRAMESHIFT

27
Q

classification of substitution

A

SILENT
NONSENSE
MISSENSE

28
Q

classfication of missense mutation

A

CONSERVATIVE
NONCONSERVATIVE

29
Q

classification of frameshift mutation

A

INSERTION
DELETION

30
Q

classification of chromosome mutation

A

INVERSION
DELETION
DUPLICATION
TRANSLOCATION

31
Q

mutation in which one base in DNA base sequence is replaced with another base

A

POINT MUTATION

32
Q

one base is incorrectly added during replication and replaces the pair in the corresponding position on the complementary strand

A

SUBSTITUTION

33
Q

sub-classification of substitution code for the same amino acid / “synonymous substitution”

A

SILENT MUTATION

34
Q

sub-classification of substitution does not affect the functioning of the protein

A

SILENT MUTATION

35
Q

sub-classification of substitution when base substitution result in a stop codon ultimately truncating translation and leads to a nonfunctional protein

A

NONSENSE MUTATION

36
Q

sub-classification of substitution that has a change in one DNA base pair that result in substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene

A

MISSENSE

37
Q

sub-classification of missense mutation that results in an amino acid change but the properties of amino acid stay the same

A

CONSERVATIVE MISSENSE

38
Q

sub-classification of missense mutation that results in amino acid change that has different properties than the wild type

A

NONCONSERVATIVE MISSENSE

39
Q

sub-classification of missense mutation wherein protein may lose its function which results in disease of the organism

A

NONCONSERVATIVE MUTATION

40
Q

a type of mutation that occurs when the addition or loss of DNA bases changes a gene’s reading frame

A

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

41
Q

consists of groups of 3 bases that each code for one amino acid

A

READING FRAME

42
Q

shift the grouping of the reading frame and changes the code for amino acids

A

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION

43
Q

a type of frameshift mutation where one or more extra nucleotides are inserted or added into the replicating DNA

A

INSERTION

44
Q

a type of frameshift mutation where protein made by the gene may not function properly

A

INSERTION

45
Q

a type of frameshift mutation that changes the number of DNA bases by removing pieces of DNA

A

DELETION

46
Q

a type of frameshift mutation where small deletions may remove one or a few base pairs within a gene while larger deletions can remove an entire gene

A

DELETION

47
Q

a type of frameshift mutation where the deleted DNA may alter the function of the resulting proteins

A

DELETION

48
Q

a type of chromosome mutation wherein a region of chromosome is lost and results in the absence of all genes in that area

A

DELETION

49
Q

a type of chromosome mutation wherein a region from one chromosome is aberrantly attached to another chromosome

A

TRANSLOCATION

50
Q

a type of chromosome mutation wherein a region of a chromosome is repeated, resulting in an increase in dosage from the genes in that region

A

DUPLICATION

51
Q

a type of chromosome mutation wherein one region of a chromosome is flipped and reinserted

A

INVERSION

NUCLEIC ACIDS (8 decks)

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