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NUCLEIC ACIDS > PROKARYOTIC REPLICATION to ANTIMETABOLITES > Flashcards

PROKARYOTIC REPLICATION to ANTIMETABOLITES Flashcards

1
Q

verifies if base pairing is correct and catalyzes formation of new phosphodiester linkage between nucleotide and growing strand

A

DNA POLYMERASE III

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2
Q

influence the unwinding of DNA double helix and hydrogen bond between complementary bases are broke

A

DNA HELICASE

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3
Q

biochemical process which DNA molecules produce exact duplicates of themselves

A

DNA REPLICATION

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4
Q

Steps of prokaryotic replication of DNA molecules

A

1) Helicases unwind
2) Single-strand binding proteins
3) leading strand
4) lagging strand
5) After the RNA primer

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5
Q

point which DNA double helix unwinds and is constantly changing/moving

A

REPLICATION FORK

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6
Q

strand grows continuously

A

LEADING STRAND

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7
Q

strand is synthesized small segments

A

LAGGING STRAND

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8
Q

segments, the DNA unwinds

A

OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS

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9
Q

Okazaki fragments is named after

A

REIJI OKAZAKI

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10
Q

breaks or gaps of the daughter strand

A

NICKS

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11
Q

influence the unwinding of DNA double helix and hydrogen bond between complementary bases are broke

A

DNA HELICASE

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12
Q

recognizes primer and begins to extend it with DNA

A

DNA POLYMERASE III

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13
Q

synthesizes short stretches of RNA (10 nucleotides long) that are completely complementary and antiparallel to DNA template

A

PRIMASE

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14
Q

RNA prime an initiates DNA synthesis

A

RNA PRIMER

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15
Q

main ingredient of replication

A

RNA PRIMER

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16
Q

used for PCR amplification

A

DNA PRIMER

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17
Q

PCR meaning

A

polymerase chain reaction

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18
Q

removes RNA primers from fragments and replace the required nucleotides

A

DNA POLYMERASE I

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19
Q

connects two strands of DNA together by forming a bond between phosphate group of one strand (DNA pol. III) and deoxyribose grp on another (DNA pol. I)

A

DNA LIGASE

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20
Q

used in cells to join together Okazaki fragments which are formed in lagging strand

A

DNA LIGASE

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21
Q

zips old and new strands together

A

DNA LIGASE

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22
Q

it removes primer

A

EXONUCLEASE

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23
Q

this material unwinds the DNA

A

DNA helicase

24
Q

these materials manufacture new DNA strands

A

POLYMERASE

25
Q

what type of replication does prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have or follow?

A

SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION

26
Q

this type of replication manufactures individual strands of DNA in different directions and produces a leading and lagging strand

A

SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION

27
Q

these are created by the production of small DNA fragments (Okazaki fragments)

A

LAGGING STRANDS

28
Q

Lagging strands are created by the production of small DNA fragments called?

A

OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS

29
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
occurs in the cytoplasm

A

PROKAR

30
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
occurs in the nucleus

A

EUKAR

31
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
single origin of replication

A

PROKAR

32
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
numerous or many origin of replication

A

EUKAR

33
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
replication occurs in 2 opposing ends

A

PROKAR

34
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
uses unidirectional replication

A

EUKAR

35
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
possess one/two types of polymerase

A

PROKAR

36
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
has 4/more polymerase

A

EUKAR

37
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
DNA polymerase Y replicates mitochondrial DNA

A

EUKAR

38
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
DNA polymerase III carries both initiation and elongation

A

PROKAR

39
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
initiation is carried out by DNA polymerase a while elongation is carried out by DNA d (lagging strand) and e (leading strand)

A

EUKAR

40
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
DNA polymerase I repairs DNA and fills gaps

A

PROKAR

41
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
DNA polymerase B repairs DNA and fills gaps

A

EUKAR

42
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
okazaki fragments are large; 1000-2000 nucleotides long

A

PROKAR

43
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
okazaki frgaments are short; 100-200 nucleotides long

A

EUKAR

44
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
replication is very rapid

A

PROKAR

45
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
2000 base pair/second

A

PROKAR

46
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
replication occurs at 40 minutes

A

PROKAR

47
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
replication is slow

A

EUKAR

48
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
100 nucleotides/second

A

EUKAR

49
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
replication occurs at 400 hrs

A

EUKAR

50
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
DNA gyrase is needed

A

PROKAR

51
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
DNA gyrase is not needed

A

EUKAR

52
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
also has a distinct process for replicating telomeres at ends of chromosomes

A

EUKAR

53
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
no ends to synthesize and with short replication because of circular chromosome

A

PROKAR

54
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
replication occurs almost continuously

A

PROKAR

55
Q

PROKAR / EUKAR:
only undergo replication during S-phase of cell cycle

A

EUKAR

NUCLEIC ACIDS (8 decks)

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