PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 1

DNA Functions

Answer 1

1. -Controls Cellular activities including reproduction
   - Carries a code (Genetic information are encoded in the sequence of bases strung together in DNA)
2. Makes exact copies of itself to pass onto other cells , this process is called DNA replication
3. • Undergoes mutation
     - Mutation during DNA replication is the source of life’s diversity

Question 2

What is DNA?

Answer 2

deoxyribonucleic acid, a polymer of nucleotides formed by dehydration synthesis

Question 3

DNA and RNA are polymers of ____?

Answer 3

Nucleotides

Question 4

What are nucleotides composed of?

Answer 4

A pentose 5 carbon sugar ring, phospate group and nitrogeneous group

Question 5

What are Purines?

Answer 5

A double ring structure containing Adenine and Guanine

Question 6

What are Pyridimines?

Answer 6

A single nitrogen ring structure containing Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil

Question 7

DNA strand

Answer 7

Composed of a sequence of nucleotides linked together to form a double helix

Question 8

What is the backbone of the “ladder” composed of?

Answer 8

Alternating molecules of deoxyribose and phosphate with a nitrogenous base attached to each deoxyribose unit

Question 9

What is Chargaff’s rule?

Answer 9

Number of purine bases equals the number of pyridimine bases

Question 10

Where are chromosomes found?

Answer 10

The nucleus of eukaryotic organisms

Question 11

How are chromosomes formed?

Answer 11

DNA wraps itself around proteins called histones

Question 12

What are Genes?

Answer 12

Units of inheritance that controls particular characteristics or capabilities of an organism

Question 13

Where are genes located?

Answer 13

Located on the chromosome of the cell nucleus and consists of segments of DNA molecules

Question 14

What do genes control?

Answer 14

Cellular chemical reactions by directing the formation of enzymes

Question 15

How are chromosomes held?

Answer 15

Tightly coiled structure by proteins called histones

Question 16

What are histones?

Answer 16

-

Question 17

Before a cell can divide what does it have to do?

Answer 17

Must be duplicated

Question 18

What is the process of duplication called?

Answer 18

Replication

Question 19

What is semi-conservative replication?

Answer 19

Each new strand of DNA contains one old strand and one new strand

Question 20

When does semi-conservative replication occur?

Answer 20

Prior to daughter cells dividing so that each new daughter cell receives the same genetic material as the parent

Question 21

Transition occurs in/on which organelle in the cytoplasm?

Answer 21

Ribosome

Question 22

Which structure delivers amino acids to the site of translation?

Answer 22

tRNA

Question 23

tRNA molecules have ___?

Answer 23

Anticodons

Question 24

What is anticodons?

Answer 24

-

Question 25

The first stage of translation where the mRNA and small ribosomal subunit coming together is called?

Answer 25

Initiation

Question 26

The second stage of translation where the amino acid chain is growing longer is called?

Answer 26

Elongation

Question 27

The final stage of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome is called?

Answer 27

Termination

Question 28

Which mRNA codon is found at the start of each sequence?

Answer 28

AUG

Question 29

How many nitrogeneous bases make up a single codon?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

What are the nitrogeneous bases

Answer 30

Guanine Thymine Cytosine Adenine

Question 31

Which kind of bonds hold the two sides of the DNA ladder together

Answer 31

Hydrogen bonds

Question 32

One gene on a chromosome is responsible for coding one ___?

Answer 32

Protein

Question 33

The shape of an RNA molecule is?

Answer 33

straight, single strand

Question 34

The process of making an RNA strand is called?

Answer 34

Transcription

Question 35

What are the types of RNA found in the cell?

Answer 35

mRNA tRNA rRNA

Question 36

The mRNA molecule is transcribes from the ____ strand of the DNA molecule

Answer 36

Sense

Question 37

What does rRNA stand for?

Answer 37

-

Question 38

What does tRNA stand for?

Answer 38

-

Question 39

What does mRNA stand for?

Answer 39

-