Protein (Module 8)

Question 1

What is a limiting protein?

Answer 1

The amino acid that a food is missing that makes it incomplete

Question 2

What is amino acid scoring?

Answer 2

How many of the nine essential acids a food has and how much of each of those it has.

Question 3

Digestibility of Animal protein

Answer 3

90% - 99%

Question 4

Digestibility of Plant Protein

Answer 4

70% - 90%

But Over 90% for Soy

Question 5

What does amino acid scoring not address

Answer 5

digestibility

Question 6

what is the only plant product that is considered a plant protein

Answer 6

Soy

Question 7

Nitrogen Balance is tested by

Answer 7

Measuring protein (and therefore nitrogen) going in and coming out (urea)

Question 8

if Nitrogen balance is equal

Answer 8

you are in protein balance

Question 9

if Nitrogen balance is Positive

Answer 9

More coming in than going out. (babies toddlers, people who are growing, AND PREGNANT WOMEN)

Question 10

if Nitrogen balance is negative

Answer 10

More going out than going in than coming out. (starvation, healing, injured person, anything that causes people to break down protein for energy or tissue replacement

Question 11

why can’t you make cause and effect conclusions about vegetarian vs meat eating.

Answer 11

because they are epidemiological and therefore observational

Question 12

when people get symptoms of early kidney disease, should protein intake be increased or decreased?

Answer 12

Decreased.

Question 13

Why are food alleges becoming so commonly misdiagnosed?

Answer 13

simple blood tests are the most common way to test for them but they are very inaccurate

Question 14

What are the functional roles of protein in the body

Answer 14

maintaining fluid balance, pH regulation, Blood clots, enzymes, antibodies, mucus (infection protection), insulin

Question 15

What are the building blocks of protein?

Answer 15

Amino Acids

Question 16

How can proteins be tracked in the body?

Answer 16

By tracking nitrogen

Question 17

What is a conditionally essential amino acid?

Answer 17

A non-essential amino acid that becomes essential when the body is not getting the necessary nutrients to make it.

Question 18

What changes an amino acid’s primary structure in the stomach?

Answer 18

nothing, HCL denatures it.

Question 19

Where is most protein digested and absorbed?

Answer 19

in the small intestines (broken down by intestinal and pancreatic peptidases

Question 20

what kind of bond joins amino acids to form dipeptides

Answer 20

peptide bonds

Question 21

What is makes protein unique compared to carbs and fats?

Answer 21

it contains nitrogen as well as the usual C, H, and O

Question 22

What is transamination

Answer 22

Transfer of an amine group (the nitrogen-containing part) from one molecule to another to make a non-essential amino acid

Question 23

What is protein turnover?

Answer 23

the constant synthesis and breakdown of proteins to ensure they are replaces frequently (like skin cells)

Question 24

How do we measure protein turnover?

Answer 24

Nitrogen balance tests

Question 25

What determines th shape and function of amino acids?

Answer 25

the order of the amino acid chain determines shape, the shape determines function

Question 26

What is a complementary protein?

Answer 26

Foods that, alone may not be complete but combined with other incomplete proteins can provide all the essential amino acids