Heart Disease (module 7) Flashcards
How much does an artery need to be clogged before symptoms present themselves.
50%-70% narrowing before symptoms start
What falls under the “cardiovascular disease” umbrella
Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary Artery disease, Congestive Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Hypertension, Stroke.
What is the most common killer of americans?
Heart Disease
Framingham Heart Study showed:
What the risk factors of heart disease are.
What does framingham refer to?
The town of Framingham in Massachusetts
How often did the conductors of the framingham study check in on the subjects
2 years
what kind of study was the framingham heart study
Observational, Longitudinal
Risk Factors for heart disease according to the Framingham study?
Age, Gender, Family History, High Blood Pressure, Smoking, High Cholesterol, High LDL’s, Low HDL’s High Triglycerides
Who is more prone to heart disease
men, but women have increased risk of heart disease after menopause
What is defined as high blood pressure
140/90
Why does smoking increase risk of heart disease?
Damages the arterial wall, making it easier for Plaque to adhere
What are LDL’s and HDL’s
Lipoproteins that can carry Fat through the water mixture that is blood
What does LDL and HDL stand for?
Low Density Lipoprotein and High Density Lipoprotein
What are good sources of HDLs and LDLs?
None, body packages them, you don’t eat them
Why are HDLs better for you?
They collect cholesterol and bring it back to the liver for processing
What can cause LDL’s to become more atherogenic?
If they be oxygenated
Atherogenic means
likely to make plaque adhere
Other risk factors for heart disease
diabetes/glucose intolerence, obesity, physical inactivity, EXCESSIVE alcohol intake, arteriole inflammation
Inverse/protective factors for heart disease
High HDL’s, Excerise, MODERATE Alcohol intake
What Classifies as moderate or excessive alcohol intake
72 grams per day is the dividing line
According to observational studies how much is the ideal amount of alcohol per day for reducing risk of heart disease?
20g/day
What is the recommended moderate range for alcohol
1 serving (15g) per day for women, and 2 for men
ATP Stands for:
Adult Treatment Program
See notes for ATP Guidelines
See notes for ATP Guidelines
Why are lipid profiles better than total cholesterol tests?
Total cholesterol tests will not distinguish between LDL and HDL and thus won’t give as accurate of an idea for risk. Lipid profiles also detail triglycerides.
Healthy levels for blood cholesterol
<200mg/dI (Deciliter)
Healthy levels for LDL-C
<100mg/dI
Healthy levels for HDL-C
60mg/dI: inverse risk;
in between = minimal effect either way
Healthy levels for triglycerides
<150mg/dI
ATP guideling for dietary intake Cholesterol
300mg DV
ATP guideling for dietary intake Fat Total
30-35% total;
Saturated Fats = 10% of total caloric intake
ATP “Therapeutic Lifestyle Change” (TLC) for saturated fats
7% or less
ATP “Therapeutic Lifestyle Change” (TLC) for cholesterol total
200 mg or less
ATP “Therapeutic Lifestyle Change” (TLC) for total fat intake
35% or less, most of which should be poly- or mono-unsaturated fats
What are good nutrients to increase to help your heart
Soluble Fiber, Foods with Stanol Esthers, Soy (for the phytoestrogens), Phytochemicals (increased fruits/veggies), Vitamins A & C, and Beta Carotene
difference between asian and Mediterranean diets
Asian is much lower in total fat while Mediterranean diet has a lot of plant fats
What are Stanol Esthers similar to?
very similar to cholesterol lowering drugs on a microscopic level but are plant components
What is the abreviation for Hyper tension
HTN
What is considered “Normal” Blood pressure
LESS than 120/80 mmHg
A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80
the patient is technically Pre HTN
What is Pre-HTN
120/80 - 139/89
What is Stage one HTN
140/90 - 159/99
What is Stage 2 HTN?
≥ 160/90
How much should someone lose weight to improve hypertension?
10% weight loss can help tremendously
What does the D.A.S.H. diet stand for
Dietary aproaches to stopping hypertension
What type of study was the Dash Study? How long was it?
Randomized Control Trial, 8 weeks
What three nutrients was the DASH diet particularly high in?
Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium
How is blood pressure represented?
Systolic over Diastolic
According to many studies, including the DASH study? What is the best way to reduce blood pressure?
DASH-Like diet + Low sodium intake
What is the minimum requirement for sodium intake?
500mg/day
Name some people groups that are more sensitive to sodium intake
African Americans, people with Chronic Renal Disease, HTN, or Diabetes
How accurate is ranking sodium levels by how salty a food is?
Terrible. READ LABELS!
Where does most of our sodium intake come from?
Already in processed foods, not from salt added by consumers from the salt shaker
The Ratio of having twice as much _____ as sodium, can really have a good effect on blood pressure
Potassium
What are the “stages of change”
Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.
