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NTR 222 > Heart Disease (module 7) > Flashcards

Heart Disease (module 7) Flashcards

1
Q

How much does an artery need to be clogged before symptoms present themselves.

A

50%-70% narrowing before symptoms start

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2
Q

What falls under the “cardiovascular disease” umbrella

A

Coronary Heart Disease, Coronary Artery disease, Congestive Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Hypertension, Stroke.

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3
Q

What is the most common killer of americans?

A

Heart Disease

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4
Q

Framingham Heart Study showed:

A

What the risk factors of heart disease are.

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5
Q

What does framingham refer to?

A

The town of Framingham in Massachusetts

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6
Q

How often did the conductors of the framingham study check in on the subjects

A

2 years

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7
Q

what kind of study was the framingham heart study

A

Observational, Longitudinal

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8
Q

Risk Factors for heart disease according to the Framingham study?

A

Age, Gender, Family History, High Blood Pressure, Smoking, High Cholesterol, High LDL’s, Low HDL’s High Triglycerides

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9
Q

Who is more prone to heart disease

A

men, but women have increased risk of heart disease after menopause

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10
Q

What is defined as high blood pressure

A

140/90

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11
Q

Why does smoking increase risk of heart disease?

A

Damages the arterial wall, making it easier for Plaque to adhere

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12
Q

What are LDL’s and HDL’s

A

Lipoproteins that can carry Fat through the water mixture that is blood

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13
Q

What does LDL and HDL stand for?

A

Low Density Lipoprotein and High Density Lipoprotein

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14
Q

What are good sources of HDLs and LDLs?

A

None, body packages them, you don’t eat them

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15
Q

Why are HDLs better for you?

A

They collect cholesterol and bring it back to the liver for processing

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16
Q

What can cause LDL’s to become more atherogenic?

A

If they be oxygenated

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17
Q

Atherogenic means

A

likely to make plaque adhere

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18
Q

Other risk factors for heart disease

A

diabetes/glucose intolerence, obesity, physical inactivity, EXCESSIVE alcohol intake, arteriole inflammation

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19
Q

Inverse/protective factors for heart disease

A

High HDL’s, Excerise, MODERATE Alcohol intake

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20
Q

What Classifies as moderate or excessive alcohol intake

A

72 grams per day is the dividing line

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21
Q

According to observational studies how much is the ideal amount of alcohol per day for reducing risk of heart disease?

A

20g/day

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22
Q

What is the recommended moderate range for alcohol

A

1 serving (15g) per day for women, and 2 for men

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23
Q

ATP Stands for:

A

Adult Treatment Program

24
Q

See notes for ATP Guidelines

A

See notes for ATP Guidelines

25
Q

Why are lipid profiles better than total cholesterol tests?

A

Total cholesterol tests will not distinguish between LDL and HDL and thus won’t give as accurate of an idea for risk. Lipid profiles also detail triglycerides.

26
Q

Healthy levels for blood cholesterol

A

<200mg/dI (Deciliter)

27
Q

Healthy levels for LDL-C

A

<100mg/dI

28
Q

Healthy levels for HDL-C

A

60mg/dI: inverse risk;

in between = minimal effect either way

29
Q

Healthy levels for triglycerides

A

<150mg/dI

30
Q

ATP guideling for dietary intake Cholesterol

A

300mg DV

31
Q

ATP guideling for dietary intake Fat Total

A

30-35% total;

Saturated Fats = 10% of total caloric intake

32
Q

ATP “Therapeutic Lifestyle Change” (TLC) for saturated fats

A

7% or less

33
Q

ATP “Therapeutic Lifestyle Change” (TLC) for cholesterol total

A

200 mg or less

34
Q

ATP “Therapeutic Lifestyle Change” (TLC) for total fat intake

A

35% or less, most of which should be poly- or mono-unsaturated fats

35
Q

What are good nutrients to increase to help your heart

A

Soluble Fiber, Foods with Stanol Esthers, Soy (for the phytoestrogens), Phytochemicals (increased fruits/veggies), Vitamins A & C, and Beta Carotene

36
Q

difference between asian and Mediterranean diets

A

Asian is much lower in total fat while Mediterranean diet has a lot of plant fats

37
Q

What are Stanol Esthers similar to?

A

very similar to cholesterol lowering drugs on a microscopic level but are plant components

38
Q

What is the abreviation for Hyper tension

A

HTN

39
Q

What is considered “Normal” Blood pressure

A

LESS than 120/80 mmHg

40
Q

A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80

A

the patient is technically Pre HTN

41
Q

What is Pre-HTN

A

120/80 - 139/89

42
Q

What is Stage one HTN

A

140/90 - 159/99

43
Q

What is Stage 2 HTN?

A

≥ 160/90

44
Q

How much should someone lose weight to improve hypertension?

A

10% weight loss can help tremendously

45
Q

What does the D.A.S.H. diet stand for

A

Dietary aproaches to stopping hypertension

46
Q

What type of study was the Dash Study? How long was it?

A

Randomized Control Trial, 8 weeks

47
Q

What three nutrients was the DASH diet particularly high in?

A

Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium

48
Q

How is blood pressure represented?

A

Systolic over Diastolic

49
Q

According to many studies, including the DASH study? What is the best way to reduce blood pressure?

A

DASH-Like diet + Low sodium intake

50
Q

What is the minimum requirement for sodium intake?

A

500mg/day

51
Q

Name some people groups that are more sensitive to sodium intake

A

African Americans, people with Chronic Renal Disease, HTN, or Diabetes

52
Q

How accurate is ranking sodium levels by how salty a food is?

A

Terrible. READ LABELS!

53
Q

Where does most of our sodium intake come from?

A

Already in processed foods, not from salt added by consumers from the salt shaker

54
Q

The Ratio of having twice as much _____ as sodium, can really have a good effect on blood pressure

A

Potassium

55
Q

What are the “stages of change”

A

Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.

NTR 222 (10 decks)

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