exam 2 Flashcards
According to the article “Genes Are Not Destiny”, the rapid increase in obesity around the world is:
not likely due to genetic changes since the gene pool remains fairly stable over many generations.
Acute and chronic protein malnutrition would most likely result in an increase in ______________ because ____________________
infections; proteins function as antibodies
_____ increases basal metabolic rate.
Extreme environmental temps
25 yr old’s mortality risk would increase with….
body fat of 25%
Not BMI or Waist size
A method of measuring both body fat location and body fat percentage is:
DEXA
What is the only plant based, complete protein?
Soy
A 25year old patient blood pressure readings over several visits to the doctor are: 122/85, 120/80, and 130/85. The proper diagnosis is ___________; the patient should _____________.
prehypertension; consider exercise and diet changes to lower blood pressure
A patient’s urinary nitrogen (“nitrogen out”) is higher than nitrogen intake (“nitrogen in”) in a nitrogen balance study. The dietitian estimated nitrogen intake by evaluating dietary _______________ intake and would report that the patient is in ______________ nitrogen balance.
Protein; Negative
A patient with high blood pressure tells you that he read a news story about the DASH study. He asks you if he should take calcium, magnesium, and potassium supplements to lower his blood pressure based on the results of the study. You tell him:
no, the study showed that foods like fruits and vegetables, dairy foods, and nuts and seeds can help lower blood pressure but not supplements.
_________ are an inverse risk factor for heart disease because they ____________
High HDL’s; carry cholesterol out of the bloodstream & back to the liver
A risk factor for metabolic syndrome is:
triglycerides of 160 mg/dl
A vegan diet is more likely than a nonvegan diet to be lower in:
zinc
A waist measurement with a tape measure is considered to be a(n):
Accurate estimate of intra-abdominal fat
Blood tests for food allergies can be ______ because they _______:
unreliable; often fail to distinguish between similar proteins in different foods resulting in over diagnosis.
Body Mass Index (BMI) charts for adults are based on:
Height and weight
Brown adipose tissue may influence body weight because it is __________ metabolically active than white adipose tissue thus ___________________.
more; burning more calories
What are Chylomicrons
Droplets of fat in the blood
Chylomicrons are the way that the:
intestines package large dietary fats and lipids for delivery to the body’s cells and to the liver
Conditionally essential amino acids
must be obtained from dietary sources under certain conditions like malnutrition
Ghrelin ____________ hunger and is produced mainly in the __________.
increases; gastric cells
In an adult, fat cells can increase in:
number after an increase in the size of fat cells has reached its limit.
Injections of ____________ can effectively treat obesity when ________________.
leptin; the ob gene is defective
Lipoprotein lipase is _____________________ and is found in _____________ amounts in healthy weight people than in obese people.
an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides from lipoproteins; lower
Lipoprotein lipase may play a role in:
making it more difficult for obese people to lose weight because it makes fat storage more efficient.
Marasmus is caused by an
inadequate protein and calorie intake
Metabolic syndrome is a _____________ in which the underlying disorder is _________
cluster of symptoms; insulin resistance
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of:
heart disease
Most of the cholesterol in the human body comes from:
liver production.
The highest ghrelin levels would be found in someone who:
has not eaten in 4 to 5 hours.
The weight loss surgery that results in the greatest weight loss is:
gastric bypass surgery
Large lipids are absorbed
packaged in chylomicrons which first enter the lymph and then deliver fat to the muscle and fat cells before going to the liver.
Substances that facilitate chemical reactions are _________ and they are almost always _________
enzymes; proteins
The DASH diet was most effective in people who had:
high blood pressure
The diets in the U.S.News and World Report’s Best Diets were evaluated by:
a panel of experts in areas such as food psychology, obesity, and nutrition
The hormone adiponectin may lower the risk of _____________ by ____________.
type 2 diabetes; increasing insulin sensitivity
The most recently FDAapproved weight loss drug is _____________ and is a ______________:
Contrave; a combination of two previouslyapproved drugs that works by reducing hunger and food cravings.
The portion of the total energy expenditure that accounts for the majority of calories burned over the course of a day is:
basal metabolism
The research data on weight cycling (also known as yoyo dieting):
is inconclusive at this time but suggests that factors other than a repressed metabolism are likely responsible for weight regain
The results of the DASH study could be interpreted as:
a correlation or association because it was an observational study.
Trans Fats are
unsaturated fats produced during hydrogenation that seem to increase LDL’s
Saturated fats are _____________ at room temperature because they have ________________
solid; no double bonds
Your Aunt Voncile corners you at the family reunion. She tells you she recently started drinking several martinis a day because she heard that drinking alcohol promotes heart health. She has high cholesterol and a family history of heart disease. What do you tell her?
Excessive alcohol increases her risk of heart disease she should cut back to no more than the equivalent of one alcoholic beverage per day
