exam 2

Question 1

According to the article “Genes Are Not Destiny”, the rapid increase in obesity around the world is:

Answer 1

not likely due to genetic changes since the gene pool remains fairly stable over many generations.

Question 2

Acute and chronic protein malnutrition would most likely result in an increase in ______________ because ____________________

Answer 2

infections; proteins function as antibodies

Question 3

_____ increases basal metabolic rate.

Answer 3

Extreme environmental temps

Question 4

25 yr old’s mortality risk would increase with….

Answer 4

body fat of 25%

Not BMI or Waist size

Question 5

A method of measuring both body fat location and body fat percentage is:

Answer 5

DEXA

Question 6

What is the only plant based, complete protein?

Answer 6

Soy

Question 7

A 25­year old patient blood pressure readings over several visits to the doctor are: 122/85, 120/80, and 130/85. The proper diagnosis is ___________; the patient should _____________.

Answer 7

pre­hypertension; consider exercise and diet changes to lower blood pressure

Question 8

A patient’s urinary nitrogen (“nitrogen out”) is higher than nitrogen intake (“nitrogen in”) in a nitrogen balance study. The dietitian estimated nitrogen intake by evaluating dietary _______________ intake and would report that the patient is in ______________ nitrogen balance.

Answer 8

Protein; Negative

Question 9

A patient with high blood pressure tells you that he read a news story about the DASH study. He asks you if he should take calcium, magnesium, and potassium supplements to lower his blood pressure based on the results of the study. You tell him:

Answer 9

no, the study showed that foods like fruits and vegetables, dairy foods, and nuts and seeds can help lower blood pressure but not supplements.

Question 10

_________ are an inverse risk factor for heart disease because they ____________

Answer 10

High HDL’s; carry cholesterol out of the bloodstream & back to the liver

Question 11

A risk factor for metabolic syndrome is:

Answer 11

triglycerides of 160 mg/dl

Question 12

A vegan diet is more likely than a non­vegan diet to be lower in:

Answer 12

zinc

Question 13

A waist measurement with a tape measure is considered to be a(n):

Answer 13

Accurate estimate of intra-abdominal fat

Question 14

Blood tests for food allergies can be ______ because they _______:

Answer 14

unreliable; often fail to distinguish between similar proteins in different foods resulting in over diagnosis.

Question 15

Body Mass Index (BMI) charts for adults are based on:

Answer 15

Height and weight

Question 16

Brown adipose tissue may influence body weight because it is __________ metabolically active than white adipose tissue thus ___________________.

Answer 16

more; burning more calories

Question 17

What are Chylomicrons

Answer 17

Droplets of fat in the blood

Question 18

Chylomicrons are the way that the:

Answer 18

intestines package large dietary fats and lipids for delivery to the body’s cells and to the liver

Question 19

Conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 19

must be obtained from dietary sources under certain conditions like malnutrition

Question 20

Ghrelin ____________ hunger and is produced mainly in the __________.

Answer 20

increases; gastric cells

Question 21

In an adult, fat cells can increase in:

Answer 21

number after an increase in the size of fat cells has reached its limit.

Question 22

Injections of ____________ can effectively treat obesity when ________________.

Answer 22

leptin; the ob gene is defective

Question 23

Lipoprotein lipase is _____________________ and is found in _____________ amounts in healthy weight people than in obese people.

Answer 23

an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides from lipoproteins; lower

Question 24

Lipoprotein lipase may play a role in:

Answer 24

making it more difficult for obese people to lose weight because it makes fat storage more efficient.

Question 25

Marasmus is caused by an

Answer 25

inadequate protein and calorie intake

Question 26

Metabolic syndrome is a _____________ in which the underlying disorder is _________

Answer 26

cluster of symptoms; insulin resistance

Question 27

Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of:

Answer 27

heart disease

Question 28

Most of the cholesterol in the human body comes from:

Answer 28

liver production.

Question 29

The highest ghrelin levels would be found in someone who:

Answer 29

has not eaten in 4 to 5 hours.

Question 30

The weight loss surgery that results in the greatest weight loss is:

Answer 30

gastric bypass surgery

Question 31

Large lipids are absorbed

Answer 31

packaged in chylomicrons which first enter the lymph and then deliver fat to the muscle and fat cells before going to the liver.

Question 32

Substances that facilitate chemical reactions are _________ and they are almost always _________

Answer 32

enzymes; proteins

Question 33

The DASH diet was most effective in people who had:

Answer 33

high blood pressure

Question 34

The diets in the U.S.News and World Report’s Best Diets were evaluated by:

Answer 34

a panel of experts in areas such as food psychology, obesity, and nutrition

Question 35

The hormone adiponectin may lower the risk of _____________ by ____________.

Answer 35

type 2 diabetes; increasing insulin sensitivity

Question 36

The most recently FDA­approved weight loss drug is _____________ and is a ______________:

Answer 36

Contrave; a combination of two previously­approved drugs that works by reducing hunger and food cravings.

Question 37

The portion of the total energy expenditure that accounts for the majority of calories burned over the course of a day is:

Answer 37

basal metabolism

Question 38

The research data on weight cycling (also known as yo­yo dieting):

Answer 38

is inconclusive at this time but suggests that factors other than a repressed metabolism are likely responsible for weight regain

Question 39

The results of the DASH study could be interpreted as:

Answer 39

a correlation or association because it was an observational study.

Question 40

Trans Fats are

Answer 40

unsaturated fats produced during hydrogenation that seem to increase LDL’s

Question 41

Saturated fats are _____________ at room temperature because they have ________________

Answer 41

solid; no double bonds

Question 42

Your Aunt Voncile corners you at the family reunion. She tells you she recently started drinking several martinis a day because she heard that drinking alcohol promotes heart health. She has high cholesterol and a family history of heart disease. What do you tell her?

Answer 42

Excessive alcohol increases her risk of heart disease ­ she should cut back to no more than the equivalent of one alcoholic beverage per day