Protein Metabolism and Nitrogen Balance Flashcards
What do proteins act as
Receptors transport regulatory contractile enzymes structural hormones and growth factors storage
What is a protein
A long chain of amino acids linked by covalent peptide bonds
How are proteins absorbed
as amino acids via secondary active transport
What is the role of albumin
generates colloid osmotic pressure and prevents capillary plasma loss
What is the role of globulins
Innate and acquired immunity and enzymatic functions
What is the role of transferrin
Carriage of ferrous ions in circulation
What is the role of fibrinogen
Mediates clot formation and repairs leaks in circulatory system
When will plasma proteins increase
Certain stress conditions
When will plasma proteins decrease
In liver disease
What happens when AA are absorbed
They are synthesised into a wide range of proteins
What is produced in deamination
Glucose
fatty acids
ketones
How are AA excreted
As a biproduct of ammonia
What breaks down proteins to amino acids
Lysosomal enzymes
Where are amino acids mainly stored
Liver
What are XS amino acids used for
Used immediately for energy through gluconeogenesis
What is transamination
essential AA- to non essential
What are the 4 metabolic classes of AA
Essental AA
ketogenic AA
Glucogenic AA
non-essential AA
What two classes of AA are metabolised to pyruvate/ TCA intermediate
Glucogenic AA
Ketogenic AA
What does growth hormone do
Promotes the synthesis of cellular proteins
Increases AA membrane transport
Increase RNA transcription/translocation
How is insulin linked to AA
Promotes the cellular AA
increases translation/ RNA transcription
decrease in gluconeogenesis
What can a lack of insulin lead to
Increase in plasma AA
energy/ gluconeogenesis can produce muscle wasting
What is the name given to GH and insulin working together for effective protein synthesis
Synergistic interaction
What is testosterone
GH which causes transient muscle growth
What does oestrogen cause
transient muscle growth
