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PBCP- Gastrointestinal Physiology and metabolism > Lipid metabolism and control of blood lipids > Flashcards

Lipid metabolism and control of blood lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are some physiological functions of lipids

A 
energy source
insulation 
organ protection 
steroid hormone synthesis 
membrane structure and function
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2
Q

What is a triglyceride

A

3 molecules of palmitic acid

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3
Q

Where are triglycerides stored

A

White adipose tissue

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4
Q

What are phospholipids comprised of

A

hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails

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5
Q

What are shingolipids

A

membrane lipids with 1 fatty acid tail

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6
Q

What happens when cholesterol reaches its max level

A

it switches itself off

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7
Q

What is lecithin cholesterol alkyl transferase and its role

A

An enzymes

converts cholesterol in to cholesteryl ester

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8
Q

3 sources of fatty acids

A

Dietary fatty acids
adipose tissue
Endogenously synthesised fatty acids

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9
Q

What happens to fatty acids

A

emulsified by bile
degradation by lipases
absorption and conversion into triglycerols
incorporation in to chylimicrons

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10
Q

What are lipoproteins

A

Molecular complexes that consist of lipids and proteins

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11
Q

What is the function of lipoproteins

A

The transport of vesicles for lipids in blood plasma deliver the lipid components to various tissues for utilisation

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12
Q

What is the realtionhip between the density and the size of the lipoprotein

A

as lipoprotein increases

size decreases

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13
Q

What is an apolipoprotein

A

The protein before the lipid has joined

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14
Q

What are the functions of apolipoproteins

A

Structural component of lipoproteins
enable transport of lipid
interact with cell surface receptors
activate/inhibit enzymes involves in lipoprotein metabolism

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15
Q

What are the three main pathways that are responsible for generation and transport of lipids

A

Exogenous pathway
endogenous pathway
reverse cholesterol transport

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16
Q

explain the 5 steps of the exogenous pathway

A

1-chylomicrons bind dietary triacylglycerols
and cholesterol in the intestines
2-transported in blood to adipose and muscle
3- lipoprotein lipase on surface of capilllary act of chylomicron and release free fatty acids and remnants of chylomicron remain
4- remnant taken up by LDL receptor at liver
5- enters inestine in the form of cholesterol and bile acids

17
Q

Explain the 6 steps of endogenous pathways

A
  1. Manufacture of lipids in body itself
  2. dietary cholesterol in liver is packaged in VLDL ( very low density lipoprotein)
  3. lipoproteinlipase will release free fatty acid from VLDL to give IDL (intermediate density lipoprotein)
  4. 1/2 of IDL is taken up by the liver (by hepatic lipase) and 1/2 forms LDL
  5. LDL delivers cholesterol to peripheral tisses
  6. HDL removes cholesterol from peripheral tissue - reverse cholesterol transport
18
Q

What does lipoprotein lipase do

A

Acts on lipoproteins to release FA and monoacylglycerol

19
Q

What does monoacylglycerol thus do

A

Releases further FA and glycerol

20
Q

What happens when FA enter the mitochondria

A

Through the carnite cycle
undergo beta - oxidation
acetyl - CoA formed

21
Q

What happens to glycerol from adipose tissue

A

it is phosphorylated into glycerol-3-phosphate
enters the glycolytic pathway
acetyl CoA formed

22
Q

What happens to medium chain fatty acids

A

enter and undergo beta-oxidation

23
Q

What happens to long chain fatty acids

A

Long chain fatty acids need to go through the carnite cycle

24
Q

What happens when actyl coa is in XS

A

ketones are produced

25
Q

What is dyslipidemia

A

Higher/lower than normal conc of lipoproteins in plasma specifically

26
Q

What happens to total cholesterol levels during dyslipiemia

A

Increase

27
Q

What happens to LDL when dyslipidemia occurs

A

Decreases

28
Q

What happens to TG when dyslipidemia occurs

A

Increases

29
Q

What happens to HDL when dyslipidaemia occurs

A

Decreases

PBCP- Gastrointestinal Physiology and metabolism (8 decks)

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