Protein Flashcards
After digestion of proteins, what products are absorbed into the circulation?
Free amino acids and a few dipeptides and tripeptides
What type of reaction is required to bind two molecules of glycine together and release a molecule of water?
Condensation
Alberta is a 20-year-old who has been a vegetarian for three years. She comes to you for advice after reading some material online by the Meat Promoters of America organization. One of their statements is “…vegetarians are at risk for protein deficiency because they cannot consume all of the essential amino acids necessary for healthy individuals.” How should Alberta be advised?
Although many foods don’t provide all the essential amino acids individually, she could consume complementary proteins throughout the day, which would provide all the essential amino acids she needs.
What digestive enzyme would be most affected in people who are unable to produce hydrochloric acid?
Pepsin
Protein-hydrolyzing enzymes are commonly known as
proteases
The process whereby messenger RNA is made from a DNA template is known as ____.
transcription
What is opsin?
a light-sensitive protein
A patient with acidosis may have a pH of ____.
7.3
Edema is caused by ____.
negative protein balance
What is a ribosome?
A structure upon which proteins are assembled
What is the percentage of total energy derived from protein in a diet containing 50 grams of protein and 2000 kcalories?
10
What percentage of dietary protein is hydrolyzed in the mouth?
0
What is the most likely reason for a person to have abnormally high blood ammonia levels?
liver dysfunction
Jason is 35 years old and was recently diagnosed with two failing kidneys. He was advised to decrease the amount of protein he consumes. If Jason cheats by eating a 12 oz. steak for dinner tonight, shortly thereafter there would most likely be an increase in the urea levels of his ____.
blood
Which of the following is related to the quality of a food protein?
essential amino acid balance
What amino acid is used to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin and the vitamin niacin?
Tryptophan
Excessive amounts of homocysteine in the blood are thought to increase the risk for
heart disease
What are the two products of deamination?
ammonia and keto acid
What is a consequence of excess protein intake?
increased production and excretion of urea
Which of the following is an assumption made in the formulation of the RDA for protein?
Dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes are adequate
In comparison to the composition of carbohydrates and fats, which element found in proteins makes them unique?
nitrogen
In the metabolism of amino acids for energy, what is the fate of the amino group?
excreted as urea
The study of how food interacts with genes is known as ____.
nutritional genomics
What amino acid supplement has been advertised in the popular media for treating herpes infections
lysine
What dispensable amino acid becomes essential in people with PKU?
tyrosine
Removing the skin and visible fat from chicken and turkey can lower the fat content by what percent?
50%
What part of the chicken contains the leanest meat?
breast
What part of the turkey provides the greatest amount of protein per serving?
breast
Which protein source is the best dietary source of carnitine?
lamb
Grass-fed beef is a very good source of what hard to find vitamin?
b12
What part of the cow does the leanest cuts of meat come?
Round bone (back leg bone)
Veal comes from what animal?
young calves
Grass-fed lamb is thought to support heart health because it contains valuable amounts of
Conjugated linoleic acid
Lamb chops can come from
Rib Loin Shoulder
This nutrient, found in beans and legumes, slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach, promotes a sense of satiety or fullness, and helps to prevent overeating.
fiber
The seed of ___________ not only gives them a unique color but it also contributes some of their unique color nutritional benefits, being an outstanding source of the anthocyanin flavonoids delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin.
black beans
What bean was named after the capitol of Peru where they have been cultivated for over 7,000 years and when combined with whole grains provide a virtually fat-free, full-s[pectrun protein?
lima beans
What type of miso is made from fermented soybeans and barley?
Yellow
What bean does the author describe as the bean, which provides a great value, both in terms of price and nutrition?
pinto
Immune and inflammatory system support from __________ is likely to come from its unique concentration of polysaccharides.
soy sauce
Lentils are an excellent source of
copper
What makes soybeans tough if added to water during the cooking process?
salt
What substance in kidney beans helps to maintain healthy blood sugar levels?
soluble fiber
Pinto beans are an excellent source of what nutrient?
Molybdenum
What is found in lima beans that makes them a heart healthy choice?
folate
What is found in the black beans’ color coat that bestows the bean with potent antioxidant power that provides cells protection from the damage caused by free radicals?
Flavonoids
This bean is produced by drying the peapods of the fully mature garden pea.
split peas
This food is not only inexpensive but also one of the highest quality sources of protein. This food is also one of the few excellent sources of the B vitamins, and choline, a key nutrient for brain function and health.
eggs
building blocks of protein
amino acids
how many essential amino acids are there
9
peptide bonds
connect amino acids
dipeptide
2 amino acids bonded
tripeptide
3 amino acids bonded
polypeptide
10 or more amino acids bonded
denaturation
change in proteins shape and consequent loss of its function
protease
enzyme that hydrolyzes protein
pepsin
gastric enzyme that hydrolyzes protein
peptidase
digestive enzyme that hydrolyzes peptic bonds
messenger RNA directing sequence of amino acids and synthesis of proteins
translation
normal blood PH range
7.35-7.45
transmission
transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a ketoic acid
