Lipids Flashcards
In which form are most dietary lipids found?
Triglycerides
What is a good plant source of omega-3 lipids?
Flax Seed
Lipids Although eating fish supports heart health and fish provides many vitamins and minerals, it is notably poor in ____.
iron
What fatty acid is used by the body to synthesize arachidonic acid?
linoleic
What is a negative consequence of hydrogenation?
addition of trans double bonds in fatty acids
What is a feature of phospholipids?
Soluble in both water and fat
Which of the following is a feature of choline?
It is a part of lecithin
Bob has just come back from the doctor, where he was subjected to a blood lipid profile analysis. The doctor recommended he make dietary changes because his blood cholesterol levels put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Bob most likely has ____.
Low HDL and high LDL
Your Aunt Gladys has a family history of heart disease. She decides to begin eating a bowl of oatmeal every morning to help lower her blood cholesterol. After about a month of following this routine, her cholesterol declined about five points. What is the most likely explanation for this effect?
Oatmeal is high in soluble fibers that trap bile, causing the body to use more cholesterol for bile replacement.
Which of the following is characteristic of the lipase enzymes?
Salivary gland lipase (lingual lipase) plays an active role in fat digestion in infants
Bile is known to assist in the absorption of
Fat Only
A high risk of heart attack correlates with high blood levels of
low-density lipoproteins.
What is the function of lipoprotein lipase?
to hydrolyze blood triglycerides for uptake into cells
What is the percent of kcalories from fat for a cookie that contains 10 grams of fat and 150 kcalories?
60 percent
Which of the following is a feature of fat intake and health?
Intake of saturated fat raises blood cholesterol more than intake of cholesterol
Which structural feature of fatty acids determines their susceptibility to spoilage by oxygen?
Number of double bonds
Jenny is trying to lose weight by decreasing the fat in her diet. At the grocery store she is overwhelmed by all the claims on the food product labels, and finally chooses an expensive fat-free frozen dessert. Which of the following would be an appropriate analysis of Jenny’s decision?
Fat-free products typically have so much added sugar that the kcalorie count can be as high as in the regular-fat product
Which of the following is a feature of fat in the diet of athletes?
A minimum of 20% fat energy in the diet is needed
Which type of fish has the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids per serving?
Sardines
A major feature of the Mediterranean diet is liberal intake of
olive oil.
In the digestion of fats, emulsifiers function as ____.
detergents
Studies show that a 1 percent increase in dietary saturated fatty acids will raise the risk of heart disease by what percentage?
2
What is the simplest 18-carbon fatty acid?
stearic acid
What lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol back to the liver from the periphery?
high-density lipoprotein
Which compound is a sterol?
Vit D
Which of the following fish has the highest protein content?
Sardines
Which of the following fish is very low in mercury content?
Cod
Due to its high mercury content, which of the following fish should women who are pregnant avoid?
Swordfish
What fish offers the most concentrated source of vitamin B12?
Sardines
What is the healthiest choice for canned tuna?
Packed in water or broth
What type of tuna is typically used to make sushi?
Big eye
Salmon is an excellent source of what nutrient?
Vit D
In studies, what amount of Salmon (servings per week) has been shown to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease?
2-3
Cod is an excellent source of this nutrient.
Protein
Potential health-promoting benefits of cod include
Blood Sugar Regulation
How many calories are in 4 oz. of cod?
96
Sardines are an excellent source of what nutrient?
B12
Peak season for sardines is during what months?
Summer
How much of one’s daily calories should come from fat?
20-35
What is the best way to store nuts and seeds?
In an airtight container in the refrigerator or freezer
Sunflower seeds are an excellent source of what nutrient?
Vit E
Flaxseeds are the most concentrated plant source of
Omega 3
Sesame Seeds are a good source of this nutrient, which is important in a number of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant enzyme systems.
Copper
Pumpkin Seeds are a good source of this mineral, a hard-to-find mineral important for a healthy immune system
Zinc
This type of walnut is the most popular in United States.
English
This nut is soaked to make a great alternative to cow’s milk, which is very popular in the United States.
Almond
Technically, this is not a nut but a legume.
Peanut
Due to their high content of oleic acid, the oils in this nut are more stable than those in most other nuts.
Cashews
Which nut is a good source of magnesium, which helps to give bone its physical structure? It is a part of the crystal lattice that serves as “scaffolding” that supports the integrity of bone.
Cashews
This nut is a very good source of vitamin E.
Almonds
lipids are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
triglycerides contain
1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids
fatty acid chain lengths
4-24
lacks 4 or more hydrogen.
omega 3 and 6, 18 chain, body can’t make they are essential
polyunsaturated fats
fatty acid that lacks 2 hydrogen atoms and has one double bond between
monounsaturated fat
fatty acid carrying the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
saturated fat
fatty acid that lacks hydrogen atoms and has at least one double bond (mono and poly)
unsaturated fat
18 carbons, 2 double bonds
linoleic acid
18 carbons, 3 double bonds
linolenic acid
chief form of fat in the diet and major storage form of fat
triglycerides
backbone of triglycerides, composed of 3 carbon chains
glycerol
compound similar to triglycerides but having a phosphate and choline in place of one fatty acid
phospholipids
nitrogen containing compound found in foods and made in the body from methionine
(part of phospholipid lecithin and neurotransmitter acetylcholine)
choline
compounds containing 4 ring carbon structure with side chain attached (most important ones - hormones, vit D, cholesterol, bile acids)
sterols
HDL
transports cholesterol back to the liver from the cells
LDL
primarily cholesterol
