Carbohydrates Flashcards
In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found?
Plant Foods
Which of the following is known as fruit sugar or levulose?
Fructose
The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed
hydrolosis
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?
Glycogen
What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?
Fibers
What is the primary means for degradation of soluble fibers in the large intestines?
Bacterial Enzyme
What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates?
Small Intestine
Which condition is a known indicator of prediabetes?
Insulin Resistance
Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place both in the small intestine and the ____.
Mouth
In what organ is most of the body’s glycogen found?
Muscles
What is the primary function of insulin?
Stimulates Glycogen Breakdown
The process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed
gluconeogenesis
When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?
Glucagon
When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration?
Epinephrine
A person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is
high
When a typical body is at rest, what is the maximum amount of time stores of glycogen can provide energy to sustain the body?
1 day
What is the predominant sweetener used in formulating beverages?
high fructose corn syrup
Which of the following is best known to result from regular ingestion of sugar?
Dental Caries
What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?
Fibers
Which of the following is a typical response in people following a low-carbohydrate diet?
Total weight loss after one year is the same as in people on a low-fat diet
Which ingredient listed on food labels would be acceptable to the person who is highly intolerant to lactose in the diet?
Dextrins
Which specific type of sugar is known as blood sugar or dextrose?
glucose
What is stevia?
herb derived sweetener
What is the composition of sucrose?
one glucose one fructose unit
What is a normal range (in mg/dL) for blood glucose?
70-99
What is a serving size for an apple?
1 medium apple
What is the surprising health promoting benefit strawberry consumption has?
Blood sugar balance
How many days can one keep fresh ripe raspberries in the refrigerator?
2
Which of the following fruit is best known for providing enzymes which function as a digestive aid and anti-inflammatory compound?
Papaya
Which food is most commonly associated with allergic reactions in individuals with latex allergies?
banana
Which of the following has consistently been ranked among the top fruits and vegetables tested for antioxidant activity?
blueberries
Which fruit is known for blocking the infection-causing bacteria from attaching to the urinary tract lining?
cranberries
Which of the following fruit is the best source of vitamin A?
Prunes
Which of the following fruit contains unique flavonoid phytonutrients, which promote a healthy heart?
lemons
Which of the following provides the best source of potassium?
1 medium papaya
What does the acronym GMO stand for?
Genetically Modified Organism
What does GMO mean?
Any food product that has been altered at the gene level
Refined grains have been stripped of
Germ
What type of barley is the most nutritious?
Hulled
Which of the following is not actually a true grain but a fruit seed that is related to rhubarb?
Buckwheat
What is a tiny round shaped grain that does not contain gluten?
Millet
What type of wheat is used for making cakes, cookies, pastries, and crackers?
Soft Wheat
What is considered an ancient grain but is actually a seed with grain-like properties?
Amaranth
What measures how fast insulin rises after 100 grams of food has been eaten?
glycemic index
This grain’s bran and germ stays intake even when hulled.
Oats
Which of the following grains provides all nine essential amino acids, which makes it a complete protein?
quinoa
Which grain is very difficult to separate the germ and bran from the endosperm; therefore, retaining a large quantity of nutrients?
Rye
Which of the following grains does not contain gluten?
Buckwheat
Monosaccarides
Fructose, glucose, galactose
Maltose
2 glucose units, occurs in fermentation process, alcohol
Sucrose
Fructose and glucose
Lactose
Galactose and Glucose
Disaccarides
Maltose, Sucrose, Lactose
Polysaccarides
glycogen, starches, fibers
glycogen
many glucose molecules for storage
phytic acid
fiber that helps bind minerals with insoluble complexes in the intestine that the body then excretes, preventing absorption
Soluble fiber
viscous and fermentable
insoluble fiber
nonviscous, promote bowel movements
Maltase
enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose
Sucrase
enzyme that hydrolyzes Sucrose
Lactase
enzyme that hydrolyzes Lactose
