Digestion

Question 1

The process by which food is broken down into absorbable components is called

Answer 1

Digestion

Question 2

In what organ does the digestion process begin?

Answer 2

Mouth

Question 3

What types of enzymes are responsible for hydrolyzing the proteins in foods?

Answer 3

Proteases

Question 4

Why is there little or no digestion of starch in the stomach?

Answer 4

Salivary enzymes do not work in an acid environment

Question 5

In the stomach, hydrochloric acid ____.

Answer 5

kills bacteria

Question 6

When alcohol and barbiturates are ingested, they are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and transported immediately to the ____.

Answer 6

liver

Question 7

Bile brings fats into suspension in water in a process known as ____, allowing enzymes to break down the fat molecules.

Answer 7

emulsification

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the intestinal microvilli?

Answer 8

Transport of nutrient molecules

Question 9

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

Answer 9

​To protect stomach cells from gastric juices

Question 10

Water-soluble nutrients are transported from intestinal epithelial cells to the ____ via the ____.

Answer 10

liver; hepatic portal vein

Question 11

Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries the fat-soluble vitamins and large fats?

Answer 11

Lymphatic

Question 12

Approximately how many different species and subspecies of bacteria live in a healthy GI tract?

Answer 12

400

Question 13

The maintenance of the body’s constant internal conditions is guided by the principle known as

Answer 13

homeostasis

Question 14

When the pancreatic juices mix with chyme in the small intestine, the pH of the resulting mixture is ____.

Answer 14

approximately neutral

Question 15

Cholecystokinin stimulates the release of ____ from the ____.

Answer 15

​bile; gallbladder

Question 16

What organ is affected by colitis?

Answer 16

Large Intestine

Question 17

Which symptom is characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome?

Answer 17

alternating diarrhea and constipation

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to result from insufficient intake of fiber?

Answer 18

Constipation

Question 19

People who have frequent, regular bouts of heartburn & indigestion have a condition of

Answer 19

gastroesophageal reflux

Question 20

The primary treatment for ulcer caused by the presence of H. pylori is

Answer 20

Antibiotics

Question 21

After consuming a slice a pizza, carbohydrate digestion will begin in the mouth, and then continue in the small intestine. Why does carbohydrate digestion cease in the stomach?

Answer 21

Salivary carbohydrases do not function in an acidic environment.

Question 22

Dietary fiber ____.

Answer 22

promotes water retention of stools

Question 23

Which product of digestion is not normally released directly into the bloodstream?

Answer 23

Fats

Question 24

Which substance controls the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach to prevent excessive acidity?

Answer 24

gastrin

Question 25

Digestive enzymes use water to break a molecule into smaller pieces, a process known as ____.

Answer 25

hydrolysis