Protein Flashcards
What is amino acid oxidation
Removal of the nitrogen
What is an amino acid made of
Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
What is in the carbocil group and amino group
COOH
NH2
What is produced during the transamination process of leu cine oxidation
Glutamate
What is produced at the end of leucine oxidation
Acetoacetate
What is produced with the combination of glutamate and ammonia and what is it’s function
Glutamine and important for removing nitrogen from the body
What is muscle protein synthesis
Aa synthesised into protein
Muscle protein balance
Balance between break down and synthesis
Ways to measure protein balance
Nitrogen balance
AA oxidation
Tracers
Endpoint studies
Ways nitrogen is exreted
Sweat
Feaces
Urine
Reasons for taking supplement
Muscle anabolism Central fatigue Immune function Ameliorate muscle damage Increased fat oxidation Glycogen sparing Antioxidants
During endurance exercise what happens to leucine oxidation
Increases and after exercise decreases
Acute endurance exercise causes what
Increased mRNA translation and increased mitochondrial protein synthesis
Chronic endurance exercise does what
Increases mitochondrial ps
Which increases muscle protein synthesis most low cho high cho or cho and protein
Cho and protein
Why is protein metabolism decreases during rt
Protein used as fuel
Protein synthesis uses energy
Atp production requires energy
Are there sex differences in acute anabolic response
Males have higher testosterone but no difference other than that
What number of reps causes most protein synthesis and why
No specific number just failure and because it requires all fibres
What speed increases hypertrophy
Faster
What is the recommended protein intake
Body builder - 1.7g
Endurance - 1.2g
When does a plateau for ps occur In terms of dose
20g
Which protein is most effective for ps
Whey
What is best pre/post or mor/Eve
Pre/post
Which dosage gives the most aa availability
2x 40g
Which dosing strategy causes most ps
4x20g
Which yields the most positive protein balance mixed aa or essential aa and why
Essential aa because although it has a lower synthesis rate it has a much lower break down rate
What promotes the biggest increase in CSa milk soy or control
Milk
Essential AA
9
Valine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Histidine
