Antioxidants Flashcards
Types of free radicals
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive nitrogen species
What are sources of free radicals
Metabolism Ionising radiation Smoking Uv light Air pollution Inflammation
Roles of reactive species
Vasodilation Immune function Cell communication Sr calcium release Glut 4 translocation Increased protein synthesis
When does oxidative stress occur
Balance of oxidation/redox tips toward oxidation
Types of oxidative damage
Damage to cell membranes
Damage to body protein
DNA damage
Inflammation
Endogenous antioxidants
Enzymes
Non-enzymatic
Antioxidant enzymes
Superoxide dismutase
Glutathoine peroxide
Catalase
Function of the antioxidant enzymes
SOD - converts superoxide to hydrogen paroxide
GPX and CAT converts hydrogen paroxide to water
Non enzymatic antioxidants
Uric acid Gluthione Bilirubin Thiols Albumin
Nutritional antioxidants
Vitamins c,e and carotene Minerals- copper, zinc, magnesium and selenium Phytochemicals- -phenolic acids -stilbenes -flavonoids
Types of flavonoids
Flavanols
Anthocyamins
Flavonones
What antioxidants stay in the membrane
Vitamins e and carotenoids they are fat soluble
What does n-acetylecystene do and in what intensity
Delays fatigue and in moderate
Meta analysis on quercetin showed an effect size of
0.145
When are antioxidants beneficial
When free radicals cause fatigue
Moderate and heavy intensities
