PROTECTIVES AND ADSORBENTS Flashcards
Group of GI agents that commonly used for the treatment of mild diarrhea.
Protectives and Adsorbents
______ is a symptom and not a disease.
Diarrhea
It results when some factor impairs digestion and/or absorption, thereby increasing the bulk of the intestinal tract.
Diarrhea
______ is a serious condition, particularly for the very young and elderly patients.
Diarrhea
______ can quickly cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
loss of fluids and electrolytes
______ can be caused by bacterial toxins, chemical poisons, drugs, allergy and disease.
Acute diarrhea
The _______ supposedly adsorb toxins, bacterial and viruses, along with providing a protective coating of the intestinal mucosa.
adsorbent-protective
Types of Protectives and Adsorbents:
- Bismuth Compounds
i) Bismuth subcarbonate
ii) Bismuth subnitrate
iii) Bismuth subgallate
iv) Milk of bismuth (suspension of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth
subcarbonate) - Kaolin
- Activated Charcoal
______ are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and/or prevent constipation.
Laxatives, purgatives, or cathartics
_______ is the infrequent or dificult evacuation of the faeces.
Constipation
Cathartics are used:
• To ease defecation in patients with painful haemorrhoids or other rectal disorders and to avoid
• Excessive straining and concurrent increase in abdominal pressure in patients with hernias Or o To avoid potentially hazardous rise in B.P. during defecation in patients with hypertension, o To relieve acute constipation Or
• To remove solid material from intestinal tract prior to certain roentgenographic studies.
______ should only be used for short term therapy as prolonged use may lead to loss of spontaneous bowl rhythm upon which normal evacuation depends, causing patient to become dependent on laxatives, the so called laxative effect.
Laxative
Milder action, elimination of soft but formed stools.
Laxative or aperient
onset of action for laxative or aperient
12-72 hours
_____ are moderate laxative.
Purgative
on set of action for purgative
6-8 hours
Stronger action resulting in more fluid evacuation
Cathartic
on set of action for cathartic
0.5-3 hours (oral), 2-15 minutes (rectal)
________ exert an irritant action on the intestinal mucosa. This causes less fluid to be absorbed than is secreted. This filling of the intestinal lumen stimulates reflex peristalsis. Peristalsis is also directly simulated by the irritant action.
Saline Cathartic or Irritant laxatives
______ are insoluble and nonabsorbable from the intestine. They absorb water and expand within the intestinal lumen; this stimulates peristalsis.
Bulk laxatives
______ photograph of internal structures that is made by passing X-rays through the body to produce a shadow image on specially sensitized film.
Roentgenographic, also called roentgenograph or X-ray image
aka Epsom salt or bitter salts
MgSO4 • 7H2O
Magnesium sulphate appearance, odor, and test
white crystalline sold; odorless; bitter taste
It is used as osmotic laxative (Saline Cathartics), in treatment of electrolyte deficiency, in wet dressing in boils, in treatment of cholecystitis, sea sickness,
Magnesium sulphate
______ is inflammation of the gallbladder. Symptoms include right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally fever. More than 90% of the time acute cholecystitis is from blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone. Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss.
Cholecystitis
dose of Magnesium sulphate
10-15g/day
Dietary fibre: Ispaghula (Plantago), Methylcellulose
Bulk forming
Docusates (DOSS), Liquid paraffin
Stool softener
Senna, Sodium picosulfate, Castor oil
Stimulant purgatives
Magnesium salts: sulfate, hydroxide;
Sodium salts: sulfate, phosphate; Sod. Pot. tartrate;Lactulose
Osmotic purgatives [Saline (Osmotic) Cathartics
infrequent or difficult evacuation of the feces
Constipation
– this are substances that add bulk to the stool and help regulate bowel movements. They absorb water, softening the stool and making it easier to pass.
Bulk forming
– It can help relieve constipation by making bowel movements easier. They work by increasing the water content in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass.
Stool softener
– These stimulate the muscles that line your gut, helping them to move poo along to your back passage.
stimulant purgatives
draw water from the rest of the body into your bowel to soften poo and make it easier to pass.
Osmotic Purgatives (laxatives)
______ retaining water and electrolytes in the intestinal lumen-increase volume of
colonic content and make it easily propelled.
A hydrophilic or osmotic action
_______ decrease net absorption of water and electrolyte; intestinal transit is enhanced indirectly by the fluid bulk.
Acting on intestinal mucosa
______ allowing less time for absorption of salt and water as a secondary effect
Increasing propulsive activity as primary action
used as osmotic laxative (saline cathartics) in treatment to electrolyte deficiency, wet dressing in boils, in tx of cholecystitis, and sea sickness
Magnesium Sulphate
