PROTECTIVES AND ADSORBENTS

Question 1

Group of GI agents that commonly used for the treatment of mild diarrhea.

Answer 1

Protectives and Adsorbents

Question 2

______ is a symptom and not a disease.

Answer 2

Diarrhea

Question 3

It results when some factor impairs digestion and/or absorption, thereby increasing the bulk of the intestinal tract.

Answer 3

Diarrhea

Question 4

______ is a serious condition, particularly for the very young and elderly patients.

Answer 4

Diarrhea

Question 5

______ can quickly cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Answer 5

loss of fluids and electrolytes

Question 6

______ can be caused by bacterial toxins, chemical poisons, drugs, allergy and disease.

Answer 6

Acute diarrhea

Question 7

The _______ supposedly adsorb toxins, bacterial and viruses, along with providing a protective coating of the intestinal mucosa.

Answer 7

adsorbent-protective

Question 8

Types of Protectives and Adsorbents:

Answer 8

1. Bismuth Compounds
   i) Bismuth subcarbonate
   ii) Bismuth subnitrate
   iii) Bismuth subgallate
   iv) Milk of bismuth (suspension of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth
   subcarbonate)
2. Kaolin
3. Activated Charcoal

Question 9

______ are substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and/or prevent constipation.

Answer 9

Laxatives, purgatives, or cathartics

Question 10

_______ is the infrequent or dificult evacuation of the faeces.

Answer 10

Constipation

Question 11

Cathartics are used:

Answer 11

• To ease defecation in patients with painful haemorrhoids or other rectal disorders and to avoid
• Excessive straining and concurrent increase in abdominal pressure in patients with hernias Or o To avoid potentially hazardous rise in B.P. during defecation in patients with hypertension, o To relieve acute constipation Or
• To remove solid material from intestinal tract prior to certain roentgenographic studies.

Question 12

______ should only be used for short term therapy as prolonged use may lead to loss of spontaneous bowl rhythm upon which normal evacuation depends, causing patient to become dependent on laxatives, the so called laxative effect.

Answer 12

Laxative

Question 13

Milder action, elimination of soft but formed stools.

Answer 13

Laxative or aperient

Question 14

onset of action for laxative or aperient

Answer 14

12-72 hours

Question 15

_____ are moderate laxative.

Answer 15

Purgative

Question 16

on set of action for purgative

Answer 16

6-8 hours

Question 17

Stronger action resulting in more fluid evacuation

Answer 17

Cathartic

Question 18

on set of action for cathartic

Answer 18

0.5-3 hours (oral), 2-15 minutes (rectal)

Question 19

________ exert an irritant action on the intestinal mucosa. This causes less fluid to be absorbed than is secreted. This filling of the intestinal lumen stimulates reflex peristalsis. Peristalsis is also directly simulated by the irritant action.

Answer 19

Saline Cathartic or Irritant laxatives

Question 20

______ are insoluble and nonabsorbable from the intestine. They absorb water and expand within the intestinal lumen; this stimulates peristalsis.

Answer 20

Bulk laxatives

Question 21

______ photograph of internal structures that is made by passing X-rays through the body to produce a shadow image on specially sensitized film.

Answer 21

Roentgenographic, also called roentgenograph or X-ray image

Question 22

aka Epsom salt or bitter salts

Answer 22

MgSO4 • 7H2O

Question 23

Magnesium sulphate appearance, odor, and test

Answer 23

white crystalline sold; odorless; bitter taste

Question 24

It is used as osmotic laxative (Saline Cathartics), in treatment of electrolyte deficiency, in wet dressing in boils, in treatment of cholecystitis, sea sickness,

Answer 24

Magnesium sulphate

Question 25

______ is inflammation of the gallbladder. Symptoms include right upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally fever. More than 90% of the time acute cholecystitis is from blockage of the cystic duct by a gallstone. Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss.

Answer 25

Cholecystitis

Question 26

dose of Magnesium sulphate

Answer 26

10-15g/day

Question 27

Dietary fibre: Ispaghula (Plantago), Methylcellulose

Answer 27

Bulk forming

Question 28

Docusates (DOSS), Liquid paraffin

Answer 28

Stool softener

Question 29

Senna, Sodium picosulfate, Castor oil

Answer 29

Stimulant purgatives

Question 30

Magnesium salts: sulfate, hydroxide;
Sodium salts: sulfate, phosphate; Sod. Pot. tartrate;Lactulose

Answer 30

Osmotic purgatives [Saline (Osmotic) Cathartics

Question 31

infrequent or difficult evacuation of the feces

Answer 31

Constipation

Question 32

– this are substances that add bulk to the stool and help regulate bowel movements. They absorb water, softening the stool and making it easier to pass.

Answer 32

Bulk forming

Question 33

– It can help relieve constipation by making bowel movements easier. They work by increasing the water content in the stool, making it softer and easier to pass.

Answer 33

Stool softener

Question 34

– These stimulate the muscles that line your gut, helping them to move poo along to your back passage.

Answer 34

stimulant purgatives

Question 35

draw water from the rest of the body into your bowel to soften poo and make it easier to pass.

Answer 35

Osmotic Purgatives (laxatives)

Question 36

______ retaining water and electrolytes in the intestinal lumen-increase volume of
colonic content and make it easily propelled.

Answer 36

A hydrophilic or osmotic action

Question 37

_______ decrease net absorption of water and electrolyte; intestinal transit is enhanced indirectly by the fluid bulk.

Answer 37

Acting on intestinal mucosa

Question 38

______ allowing less time for absorption of salt and water as a secondary effect

Answer 38

Increasing propulsive activity as primary action

Question 39

used as osmotic laxative (saline cathartics) in treatment to electrolyte deficiency, wet dressing in boils, in tx of cholecystitis, and sea sickness

Answer 39

Magnesium Sulphate