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INORG LAB > ANTACIDS > Flashcards

ANTACIDS Flashcards

1
Q

_______ is secreted from parietal cells when stimulated by the vagus nerve, histamine, and gastrin. CO2 and H2O
react inside parietal cells, under the influence of carbonic anhydrase, to form bicarbonate (HCO3
–) and H+

A

Gastric acid

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2
Q

is also secreted from parietal cells into the lumen by simple diffusion.

A

Cl−

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3
Q

_______ is then pumped into the lumen of the stomach by H+/K+ ATPase.

A

H+

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4
Q

H+, Cl− and water combine in the lumen to form ______

A

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

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5
Q

_______ produced is secreted into the bloodstream

A

HCO3–

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6
Q

_______ are weak alkaline compounds used to neutralize hydrochloric acid in the
stomach

A

Antacid

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7
Q

________ are the substances which reduce gastric acidity resulting in an increase in the pH of stomach and duodenum

A

Antacids

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8
Q

______ occurs due to excessive secretion of HCl in stomach due to various reasons

A

Gastric Acidity

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9
Q

The pH of the stomach is _______ when empty

A

1.5- 2.5

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10
Q

The pH of the stomach raises to ______ when food is ingested.

A

5-6

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11
Q

_____ is due to the presence of endogenous HCl, which is always present under physiological conditions.

A

Low pH

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12
Q

When hyperacidity occurs the result can range from:

A

i. Gastritis (a general inflammation of gastric mucosa)
ii. Peptic ulcer or oesophageal ulcer (lower end of oesophagus)
iii. Gastric ulcer (stomach)
iv. Duodenum ulcers

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13
Q

Symptom of hyperacidity:

A

 Hydrochloric acid is secreted by the stomach to kill harmful organisms, aid digestion and activate digestive
enzymes.
 Excess secretion of acid into stomach or impaired resistance by the lining of the stomach or reflux into the
oesophagus may produce symptoms.
 Hyperacidity cause gastric reflux, gastritis, upset stomach and heartburn.

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14
Q

______ is secreted by the stomach to kill harmful organisms, aid digestion and activate digestive
enzymes.

A

Hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

_____ cause gastric reflux, gastritis, upset stomach and heartburn.

A

Hyperacidity

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16
Q

The antacid should buffer in the _____

A

pH 4-6 range

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17
Q

Criteria of an ideal antacid preparation:

A

 The antacid should not be absorbable or cause systemic alkalosis
 The antacid should not be a laxative or causes constipation
 The antacid should exert its effect rapidly and over a long period of time
 The antacid should buffer in the pH 4-6 range
 The reaction of the antacid with gastric HCl acid should not cause a large evolution of gas
 The antacid should probably inhibit pepsin

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18
Q

_____ show the most rapid onset of action and provide faster relief of symptoms.

A

Absorbable Antacids

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19
Q

Absorbable Antacids inappropriate for patients afflicted with ________

A

hypertension or kidney failure

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20
Q

less prone to cause a rebound effect

A

Non-Absorbable Antacids

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21
Q

______ are more potent and
effective in a semi liquid or liquid form than in a capsule or table

A

Non-Adsorbable Antacids

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22
Q

The usually high presence of _____ and _____ in non-absorbable antacids can be effectively used to prevent significant stress ulcer bleeding in post-operative patients or those with severe burns.

A

aluminum and magnesium hydroxides

23
Q

_____ are compounds that are not
absorbed into the systemic circulation.

A

Non-systemic antacids

24
Q

These agents do not produce metabolic
alkalosis.

A

Non-systemic Antacids

25
Q

Their anionic group neutralizes the H+ ions in gastric acid. This releases their cationic group which combines with HCO3– from the pancreas to form an insoluble basic compound that is excreted in feces.

A

Non-systemic Antacids

26
Q

______ are absorbed into the systemic
circulation.

A

Systemic Antacids

27
Q

They have a cationic group that does not form insoluble basic compounds with HCO3–.

A

Systemic Antacids

28
Q

Non-absorbable antacids have many others favorable properties:

A

 Absorb pepsin, resulting in reduced proteolytic activity of gastric acid.
 Connect lysolecithin and bile acid, which have a damaging effect on the gastric mucosa.
 Possess cytoprotective function through the activation of prostaglandin synthesis, which stimulate a secretion
of mucin and bicarbonates, improve microcirculation.
 Possess ambient function, forming a protective film on the gastric mucosal surface.
 Able to bind epithelial growth factor and fix it in the ulcerous defect region effectively stimulating cell
proliferation, angenesis and angiogenesis.

29
Q

Antacids are used in the intensive care units to prevent so-called _______.

A

stress ulcers

30
Q

To avoide undesirable interactions with other drugs, antacids are usually used ______ taking any medication.

A

2 hours before or after

31
Q

NaHCO3

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

32
Q

appearance, odor, and taste of Sodium Bicarbonate

A

white crystalline pow(d)er or granules; odorless; saline taste

33
Q

Above 50 degrees celsius, sodium bicarbonate gradually decomposes into ______.

A

Sodium Carbonate

34
Q

_____ can also be useful in removing splinters from the skin.

A

Bicarbonate of soda

35
Q

high doses of sodium bicarbonate causes:

A

headache, nausea or irritablity

36
Q

Symptoms of Alkalosis or metabolic alkalosis:

A

• Confusion(can progress to stupor or coma)
• Hand tremor
• Light-headedness
• Muscle twitching
• Nausea, vomiting
• Prolonged muscle spasms (tetany)

37
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide gel chemical formula

A

Al(OH)3

38
Q

appearance, odor, taste of Aluminum Hydroxide gel

A

white amorphous powder; odorless; tasteless

39
Q

Aluminum hydroxide is ______ in nature.

A

Amphoteric

40
Q

____ use in the tx of GERD.

A

Aluminum hydroxide

41
Q

______ is a condition caused by gastrin-secreting pancreatic adenomas that lead to multiple ulcers in the stomach and duodenum.

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

42
Q

_____ is a sensation of pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen.

A

Dyspepsia

43
Q

______ softening of the bones, typically through a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium.

A

Osteomalacia

44
Q

_____ is a disease where increased bone weakness increases the risk of a broken bone.

A

Osteoporosis

45
Q

Magnesium hydroxide chemical formula

A

Mg(OH)2

46
Q

appearance, odor, and taste of Magnesium hydroxide

A

white amorphous powder; odorless; tasteless

47
Q

______ is effective in relieving heartburn, but it is infrequently used to treat peptic ulcers or GERD.

A

Calcium carbonate

48
Q

_____ is a suspension of Magnesium Hydroxide.

A

Milk of Magnesia

49
Q

•used for a short time to treat occasional constipation, it is used as Laxative.
•also used to treat symptoms caused by too much stomach acid such as heartburn, upset stomach or indigestion.

A

Milk of Magnesia

50
Q

is a weak and slow reacting antacid.

A

Aluminum hydroxide

51
Q

is a potent antacid with rapid acid neutralizing capacity, but on long term use, it can cause hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and formation of calcium stone in kidney.

A

calcium carbonate

52
Q

containing preparation e.g. ________ a fast acting antacid with __________ which is a slow acting antacid.

A

Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminum hydroxide

53
Q

containing preparation where one is laxative and the later one is constipative in nature.

A

Magnesium and Calcium

INORG LAB (6 decks)

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