ACIDIFYING AGENTS Flashcards
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract includes what part of the body?
mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and its accompanying exocrine glands
specifically where in the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
specifically where in the large intestine
cecum and colon
specifically what exocrine glands?
salivary glands, pancreas, and gallbladder
drugs used in the treatment of GI disorders
GI Agents
Drugs affecting GI system are used in the treatment of:
•Gastric Acidity
•Peptic Ulcers
•Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
•Bowel Motility Disorders
•Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting
_________ is a watery, colorless fluid that’s produced by your stomach’s lining.
Stomach acid or Gastric acid
Stomach acid, or gastric acid, is a watery, colorless fluid that’s produced by your stomach’s lining.
Gastric Acidity
An open sore or raw area in the lining of the stomach or intestine.
Peptic Ulcers
Common Cause of Peptic Ulcer
*Bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
*long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and naproxen sodium
________ is a common condition in which the stomach contents move up into the esophagus.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Most common symptoms of GERD
•heartburn, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing, chest pain,
•chronic cough, and disrupted sleep.
____________ are digestive problems that result when the nerves or muscles of the gut do not work in a coordinated way.
GI motility disorders or Bowel Motility Disorders
_______ is feeling an urge to vomit.
Nausea
_______ is often called “being sick to your stomach.”
Nausea
_______ is forcing the contents of the stomach up through the food pipe (esophagus) and out of the mouth.
Vomiting
Nausea is feeling an urge to vomit. It is often called
“being sick to your stomach.” Vomiting is forcing the
contents of the stomach up through the food pipe (esophagus)
and out of the mouth.
Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting
_______ are inorganic chemicals that either produce or become acid.
Acidifiers
These chemicals increase the level of gastric acid in the stomach when ingested, thus decreasing the stomach pH.
Acidifiers
Some of these drugs are used to increase metabolic acidosis whereas some of these are used to increase the gastric hydrochloric acid.
Acidifiers
Classifications of Acidifiers
•Gastric acidifiers
•Urinary acidifiers
•Systemic acidifiers
drugs which are used in increasing the acidity of stomach.
Gastric acidifiers
These agents used in patients suffering from achlorhydria or hypochlorhydria.
Gastric Acidifiers
inadequate secretion of acid takes place in the stomach
Hypochlorhydria
drugs which are used to remove acidic urine from the body or to maintain pH of urine
Urinary acidifiers
able to neutralized the alkaline body fluid or to maintain the pH of all part of the body
Systemic acidifiers
Used to treat patient suffering from systemic alkalosis.
Systemic acidifiers
Example of Acidifying Agent
Ammonium chloride
Solutions of ammonium chloride are ______.
mildly acidic
chemical formula of ammonium chloride
NH4Cl
appearance; odor; and taste of ammonium chloride
white solid, hygroscopic; odorless; cooling saline
__________ is used as an expectorant in cough medicine. Its expectorant action is caused by irritative action on the bronchial mucosa, which causes the production of excess respiratory tract fluid, which presumably is easier to cough up.
Ammonium chloride
______ are an irritant to the gastric mucosa and may induce nausea and vomiting.
Ammonium salts
_______ is used as a systemic acidifying agent in treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis.
Ammonium chloride
The main application of ammonium chloride is as a _______.
nitrogen source in fertilizers
________ is used as a flux in preparing metals to be tin coated, galvanized or soldered.
Ammonium chloride
Advantages of Acidifiers
•Less corrosive
•Completely bio – degradable
•Less stringent smell of acids
•No resistance
•User – friendly
Classification of GI Agents
•Antacids
•Protectives and adsorbents
•Saline cathartics (purgatives)
________ is to neutralize excess HCl which maybe causing pain and possible ulceration.
Antacid
______ is a group of gastrointestinal agents that is commonly used or the treatment of mild diarrhea.
Protectives and adsorbents
_______ are agents that quicken and increase evacuation from the bowels.
Saline cathartics (purgatives)
In patients suffering from achlorhydria, there is ___________ in stomach.
deficient secretion of HCl
_______ are useful in providing the necessary acidity for the proper digestion of food in cases of patients suffering from achlorhydria.
Acidifiers
_________ are those which, when given usually by injection, act by reducing the alkali reserve in the body and are also useful in reducing metabolic alkaloid.
Systemic acidifiers
