ANTIMICROBIAL

Question 1

_________ is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth.

Answer 1

An antimicrobrial

Question 2

Most common targets for antimicrobial drug actions:

Answer 2

i. Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis
ii. Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
iii. Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
iv. Effects on cell membrane sterols (antifungal agents)
v. Inhibition of unique metabolic steps

Question 3

Control of Microbial Growth:

Answer 3

•Sterilizing Agent
•Disinfectant
•Antiseptics
•Chemotherapeutics

Question 4

control of microbial growth wherein it kills the bacteria

Answer 4

Sterilizing Agent

Question 5

__ are antimicrobial agents that are applied to the surface of non-living objects to
destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects.

Answer 5

Disinfectants

Question 6

______ does not necessarily kill all microorganisms,
especially resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilization.

Answer 6

Disinfectants

Question 7

from Greek anti: “against” and sēptikos: “putrefactive”

Answer 7

Antiseptic

Question 8

_______ are antimicrobial substances
that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction.

Answer 8

Antiseptic

Question 9

The chemical agents which is used in the clinical application of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious disease.

Answer 9

Chemotherapeutics

Question 10

Two groups of medicines with an antimicrobial activity are:

Answer 10

•Non-selective antimicrobial agents
•Selective antimicrobial drugs

Question 11

______ causes most destructive effect on the majority of microorganisms
(antiseptics and disinfectants).

Answer 11

Non-selective antimicrobial agents

Question 12

chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 12

Selective antimicrobial drugs

Question 13

Requirements for antiseptics and disinfectants:

Answer 13

• Must have a broad spectrum of action;
• Rapid onset of action;
• Should have a small latency period;
• Should have a high activity;
• Must be chemically resistant;
• High availability and low cost;
• Lack of local irritant or allergic effects on tissues;
• Minimal absorption from the place of their application;
• Low toxicity.

Question 14

Inorganic substances

Answer 14

•Halogens
•Oxidizing agents
•Acids and alkalis
•Metallic salts

Question 15

Organic substances

Answer 15

•Aldehydes
•Alcohols
•Phenol derivatives
•Dyes

Question 16

Halogens

Answer 16

o Iodine
(2%, 3%, 5% alcohol solution)
o Povidon-Iodine
o Lugol’s solution
o Chlorhexidine

Question 17

Oxidizing agents

Answer 17

•Hydrogen peroxide
•Potassium permanganate

Question 18

Acids and alkalis

Answer 18

o Boric acid
o Salicylic acid
o Solution of ammonia

Question 19

Metallic salts

Answer 19

o Silver nitrate
o Copper sulfate
o Zinc sulfate
o Zinc oxide

Question 20

Aldehydes

Answer 20

o Formaldehyde
o Glutaraldehyde
o Hexamethylentetraminum

Question 21

Alcohols

Answer 21

o Ethyl alcohol

Question 22

Phenol derivatives

Answer 22

o Phenol
o Cresol
o Resorcinol
o Thymol

Question 23

Dyes

Answer 23

o Methylene blue
o Brilliant green

Question 24

Composition: An aqueous solution containing 0,3 g Chlorhexidine gluconate and 3,0 g Cetrimide as active ingredients
per 100 mL and 2,84% m/v n-propyl alcohol and 0,056% m/v Benzyl benzoate as preservatives.

Answer 24

SAVLON ANTISEPTIC (Solution)

Question 25

Chloroxylenol comprises 4.8% of
Dettol’s total admixture, with the rest made up by pine oil, isopropanol, castor oil, soap and water

Answer 25

Composition of DETTOL

Question 26

______ are organic compounds which are methyl phenols.

Answer 26

CRESOLS (also hydroxytoluene)

Question 27

other names of Potassium permanganate

Answer 27

condy’s crystal; permanganate of potash; hypermangan

Question 28

potassium permanganate appearance odor and taste

Answer 28

purplish-bronze-gray needles; odorless; bitter with metallic taste

Question 29

how many percent of hydroalcoholic soln of potassium permanganate is needed for wet dressing?

Answer 29

1-5%

Question 30

______ has been used in attempts to induce abortions at home

Answer 30

Potassium permanganate

Question 31

other names of boric acid

Answer 31

hydrogen borate, boracic acid, orthoboric acid, acidum boricum

Question 32

chemical formula of boric acid

Answer 32

H3BO3 or BH3O3 or B(OH)3

Question 33

boric acid appearance, odor, and taste

Answer 33

white crystalline solid or granular; odorless; sweetish after taste

Question 34

When heated above 100 degrees Celsius, boric acid dehydrates forming ______.

Answer 34

Metaboric acid

Question 35

When heated at 160 degrees celsius, metaboric acid dehydrates converted into _______.

Answer 35

Tetraboric acid

Question 36

When heated above 200 degrees celsius, tetraboric acid decomposes into _______.

Answer 36

boron trioxide