Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Urology > Prostate Disorders > Flashcards

Prostate Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Disorder of the Prostate

A 
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Acute bacterial prostatitis
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Non-bacterial prostatitis
Prostadynia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

Most common benign tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk Factors for BPH

A

Poorly understood
Maybe some genetic predisposition
maybe some racial factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathophysiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A

Growth begins in periurethral glandular tissue
Surgical capsule forms around adenomatous hyperplasia
Increased resistance to urine flow
Bladder hypertrophy
Increased risk of infection
Highly vascular & predisposed to bleeding
Painless hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical Presentation of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

A 
Hesitancy
Weak stream
Decrease caliber of stream
Incomplete bladder emptying
Straining
Post void dribble
Frequency
Nocturia
Urgency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnosis of BPH

A

Almost entirely on history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physical Exam of BPH

A

Good physical exam
DRE
Neurological exam
Labs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DRE For BPH

A

Size & consistency should be noted
Consistency: smooth, firm, elastic enlargement
Induration: possibility of cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurological Exam for BPH

A

Sphincter tone

Reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Labs for BPH

A

UA
Creatinine
PSA (+/-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Imaging of BPH

A

PVR
Renal ultrasound
TRUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indications for Imaging in BPH

A

UTIs
Hematuria
Renal insufficiency
Hx of stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Goals of BPH Therapy

A

Relieve symptoms

Delay further prostate enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms to Relieve in BPH

A 
Incomplete bladder emptying
Feelings of urgency to urinate
Weak urinary stream
Having to push or strain to start urinating
Nocturia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Medications for BPH Management

A 
Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists
5-alpha-reuctase inhibitors
Anticholinergic agents
Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors
Herbal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Benefits of Alpha-blockers

A

Primarily for symptomatic relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Benefits of 5-alpha-reductase Inhibitors

A

Reduces prostate size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Benefits of Anticholinergics

A

Reduces irritative voiding symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Benefits of PDE-5 Inhibitors

A

Symptomatic relief and Erectile Dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Herbal Therapy

A

Saw palmetto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

1st Line Treatment for BPH

A

Limit fluid before bed
Avoid decongestants
Double void
Void frequently

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2nd Line Treatment for BPH

A

Alpha blocker

5-alpha-reductase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

3rd Line Treatment for BPH

A

Combination therapy of alpha blocker & 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Surgical Options for BPH

A

TURP
Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP)
Transurethral laser surgery (PVP)
Simple Prostatectomy

25
Indications for a Prostatectomy
``` Refractory acute retention Hydronephrosis Repeated UTIs due to obstruciton Recurrent or refractory gross hematuria Elevated Cr level that responds to a period of bladder decompression with catheter drainage ```
26
Transurethral Resection of the Prostatectomy (TURP)
Most common surgical procedure | Associated with incontinence, erectile dysfunction, & retrograde ejaculation
27
Transurethral Incision of the Prostate (TUIP)
Better choice for young men with smaller prostates | Reduces risk for retrograde ejaculation & subsequent infertility
28
Transurethral Laser Surgery (PVP)
Less bleeding
29
Simple Prostatectomy
Large prostates too big for TURP Patients with BPH & bladder stones Longer stay in hospital & higher chance of blood loss
30
Urinary Retention in BPH
Progress over time with symptoms | Can be acute & painful
31
Diagnosis of Urinary Retention
PVR Renal ultrasound Cr level
32
Treatment of Urinary Retention
Medication: alpha-blocker/5-alpha-reductase inhibitor Foley catheterization Self cath Suprapubic tube
33
Define Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Swelling & irritation of the prostate gland that develops rapidly
34
Bacteria Culprits of of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
``` E. coli Enterococci Klebsiella Protus mirabilis Pseudomonas Staph ```
35
STIs that may Cause Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Chlamydia Gonorrhea Trichomonas Ureaplasma urealyticum
36
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis may Develop from What Issues
``` Epididymitis Urethritis UTIs Bladder outlet obstruction Catheterization or cystoscopy Prostate biopsy Trauma Phimosis Anal intercourse Transurethral surgeries ```
37
Acute Bacterial Prostatitis & Age Groups
20-35: multiple sex partners, anal intercourse | 50+: enlarged prostate, UTIs
38
Symptoms of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
``` Sudden onset Abdominal pain Pain & burning with urination Fever, chills, flush Urinary retention Low back pain Pain with BM Painful ejaculation Perineal pain ```
39
Diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Good PE UA & culture CBC
40
Treatment of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
``` Bactrim or Septra Ofloxacin or Cipro Tetracyline Shot of cefriaxone + doxycycline (7 days) Hospital stay & IV antibiotics Stool softeners ```
41
Most Common Cause of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
Gram-negative rods | Enterococcus
42
Symptoms of Chronic Prostatitis
``` Frequency Dribbling Loss of stream volume & force Double voiding hesitancy Urgency +/- pelvic or perineal pain Intermittent discomfort in low back and/or testicles +/- hematuria, hematospermia, or painful ejaculations ```
43
Examination for Chronic Prostatitis
Enlarged prostate Variable amount of asymmetry Bogginess Tenderness
44
Work-up of Chronic Prostatitis
UA: normal Analysis of expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) Pre- and post-prostate massage urines Lab analysis: gram stain, leukocyte count, culture & sensitivity
45
Management of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim): 2-3 months Cipro: 4 weeks Doxycycline PES or post-prostatic massage should be evaluated
46
Management of Chronic Non-bacterial Prostatitis
Doxycycline may be tried
47
What medications can help with manage chronic prostatitis symptoms?
Alpha blockers Anti-inflammatories Sitz baths
48
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Prostatitis if Antibiotics & Other Measures Fail
TURP
49
Nonbacterial Prostatitis Common Etiologies
``` Chlamydiae Mycoplasmas Ureaplasmas Viruses Inflammatory Autoimmune ```
50
Define Male Chronic Pelvic Pain syndrome
Recurrent symptomatic exacerbations of nonbacterial prostatitis
51
Presentation of Nonbacterial Prostatitis
``` No history of previous infection Frequency Dribbling Loss of stream volume & force Double voiding hesitancy Urgency +/- pelvic or perineal pain Intermittent discomfort in low back and/or testicles +/- hematuria, hematospermia, or painful ejaculations ```
52
Labs for Nonbacterial Prostatitis
UA: normal | Expressed prostatic secretions
53
Treatment of Nonbacterial Prostatitis
Treat against mycoplasma, chlamyida Erythromycin: ureplasma Symptomatic relief
54
Define Prostatodynia
Noninflammatory disorder of the prostate | Voiding dysfunction & pelvic floor muscle dysfunction
55
Presentation of Prostatodynia
Symptoms similar to chronic prostatitis No history of UTI Hesitancy & start/stop of urinary flow
56
PE Findings in Prostatodynia
Unremarkable Increased sphincter tone Periprostatic tenderness
57
Labs for Prostatodynia
UA: normal Espressed prostatic secretions Urodynamic studies
58
Treatment of PRostatodynia
Alpha-blockers Diazepam for pelvic floor muscle dysfunction biofeedback/Physical

Urology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions