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Systems 2nd Year Renal > Prostate Cancer > Flashcards

Prostate Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What is most common cancer in men

A

Prostate

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2
Q

2nd most common cause of death in men

A

Prostate cancer

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3
Q

Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

A

> 65 generally

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4
Q

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

A

African or Afro Carribbean
First Degree Relative
HPC1, BRCA1 and 2

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5
Q

Where do prostate cancers tend to be

A

Peripheral Zone

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6
Q

80% of newly diagnosed prostate cancers are

A

localised

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7
Q

Prostate Cancer is diagnosed through

A

opportunistic PSA testing

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8
Q

Tests for Prostate Cancer

A

Bloods: PSA
PR Exam
Trus Guided Prostate Biopsy

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9
Q

Symptoms of Local Disease in Prostate Cancer

A 
Weak Stream
Hesistancy
Sensation of Incomplete Empty
Frequency
Urgency
Urge Incontinence
Urinary Tract infection
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10
Q

Symptoms of Locally Invasive Disease Prostate Cancer

A 
Haematuria
Perineal and Suprapubic Pain
Impotent
Incontinence
Loin Pain
Anuria 
Symptoms of renal failure
Haemospermia
tenesmus
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11
Q

Metastatic Prostate Cancer Symptoms

A 
Bone Pain
Sciatica
Paraplegia secondary to spinal cord compression
lymph node enlarg
lymphoedema
Loin pain or anuria
Lethargy
Cachexia
weight loss
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12
Q

Commonest mode of presentation for prostate cancer

A

Asymptomatic

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13
Q

which protease is tested in PSA testing

A

Kallikrein Serine Protease

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14
Q

which protease is produced by glands of protease

A

Kallikrein Serine Protease

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15
Q

Normal PSA range

A

0-4

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16
Q

Age Related PSA Range for <50

A

2.5 upper limit

17
Q

Age Related PSA Range for 50-60

A

3.5 upper limit

18
Q

Age Related PSA Range for 60-70

A

4.5 upper limit

19
Q

Age Related PSA Range for >70

A

6.5 upper limit

20
Q

Elevations in PSA can be due to

A 
UTI
Chronic Prostatitis
Catheter
Ejaculation
Recent Urological Procedure
BPH
Prostate Cancer
21
Q

If repeat PSA is needed when to recheck

A

3 weeks

22
Q

As level of PSA raises as does

A

cancer probability

23
Q

What guides treatment of prostate cancer

A

Gleason Grading of Prostate Cancer

24
Q

how to stage regional and distal in Prostate cancer

A

CT

25
Q

how to stage locally in prostate cancer

A

PR exam and MR

26
Q

Treatment for localised prostate cancer

A

Radiotherapy

Radical Prostatectomy

27
Q

Types of Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer

A

Surgical Castration eg Bilat Orchidectomy
Chemical Castration eg LHRH Analogue - Goserelin
Anti Androgens
Oestrogens eg Diethylstilboestrol

28
Q

LHRH Antagonists do not cause

A

tumour flare

29
Q

what inactivates androgens and has direct cytotoxic effect on prostatic epithelial cells

A

oestrogen

30
Q

If a patient has low risk localised prostate cancer how to treat

A

Active Surveillance
Surgery
EBRT
Brachytherapy

Systems 2nd Year Renal (30 decks)

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