Prostate

Question 0

What artery supplies the prostate?

Answer 0

Inferior vesical artery with branches from the internal iliac artery

Question 1

What are the borders of the prostate?

Answer 1

Anterior – pubic bone
Posterior – rectum
Superior – bladder
Inferior – urogenital diaphragm

Question 2

What is the apex of the prostate?

Answer 2

Inferior portion of the gland situated superior to the urogenital diaphragm

Question 3

Where is the base of the prostate?

Answer 3

Superior portion of the gland situated below the inferior margin of the urinary bladder

Question 4

What are the seminal vesicles?

Answer 4

2 sac-like outpouchings of the vas deferens situated adjacent to the superior/posterior aspect of the prostate between the urinary bladder and rectum

Question 5

What are the ejaculatory ducts?

Answer 5

Duct that passes through the central zone and empties into urethra

Question 6

What is the verumontanum?

Answer 6

Longitudinal ridge within the urethra in which the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts are located on either side

Question 7

What is the corpora amylacea?

Answer 7

Calcifications in the inner gland of the prostate

Question 8

What is the surgical capsule of the prostate?

Answer 8

Demarcation between the inner gland and the outer gland

Question 9

What is the Eiffel tower sign?

Answer 9

Shadowing created by calcification in the area of the urethra and verumontanum

Question 10

What are the three zones of the prostate by McNeal?

Answer 10

Peripheral
Central
Transitional
Fibromuscular stroma

Question 11

Where is the peripheral zone in the prostate?

Answer 11

Posteriorly and extends into the apex of the prostate

Contains 70% of the prostatic glandular tissue

Question 12

Where is the central zone of the prostate?

Answer 12

Superior

Contains 25% of the glandular tissue

Question 13

Where is the transitional zone of the prostate?

Answer 13

Between the central zone and fibromuscular stroma

Contains 5% of the glandular tissue

Question 14

Where is the fibromuscular stroma of the prostate?

Answer 14

Anteriorly

Contains non-glandular tissue

Question 15

What is the classification or grading of prostate cancers?

Answer 15

Gleason Grading system

Question 16

How is the Gleason score obtained?

Answer 16

Microscopic appearance

Question 17

How is transrectal ultrasound oriented?

Answer 17

The image is inverted to maintain standard medical imaging orientation, the rectum is displayed at the bottom of the screen

Question 18

What are risk factors for prostate cancer?

Answer 18

Age – older than 65 years
Race – African-American
Genetics – first-degree relatives

Question 19

When is PSA increased?

Answer 19

Prostate cancer
BPH
Prostatitis

Question 20

What is the classic appearance of prostate cancer on ultrasound?

Answer 20

Hypoechoic, peripherally oriented lesion

Question 21

Which method of prostate biopsy is used to diagnose prostate cancer?

Answer 21

Parasagittal sextant biopsy

Traditional sextant biopsy plus additional biopsy cores (10 total)

Question 22

What are the stages of prostate cancer?

Answer 22

1 – Clinically nonpalpable
2 – Palpable nodule confined to prostate
3 – Palpable nodule extending through capsule
4 – Mets

Question 23

What is BPH?

Answer 23

Enlargement of the transitional zone of the prostate

Question 24

How is prostate volume evaluated?

Answer 24

Ellipsoid formula

Volume = height x width x length x 0.52

Question 25

What are seminal vesicle cysts?

Answer 25

Seen posterior to the bladder and arises from seminal vesicles cephalic to the prostate gland

Question 26

What are utricle cysts?

Answer 26

Teardrop shape with the midline location at the level of the verumontanum and associated with hypospadias

Question 27

What do ejaculatory duct cysts cause?

Answer 27

Hematospermia, ejaculatory pain and infertility