Abdominal Vasculature

Question 0

List 5 other specific types of aneurysms.

Answer 0

Berry aneurysm
Mycotic aneurysm
Atherosclerotic aneurysm 
Fusiform aneurysm 
Saccular aneurysm

Question 1

What are the three different types of aortic aneurysms?

Answer 1

True aneurysms
False aneurysms
Dissecting aneurysms

Question 2

What is the difference between a true aneurysm versus a pseudoaneurysm?

Answer 2

True aneurysms involve all three layers of the vessel wall

Question 3

Do aortic aneurysms have a genetic association?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Where are most aortic aneurysms located?

Answer 4

Distal aorta/infrarenal

Question 5

What is a definition of an aneurysm?

Answer 5

Focal dilatatian with at least a 50% increase over normal aortic diameter

Question 6

How do false aortic aneurysms occur?

Answer 6

From injury to the vessel wall and extravasated blood is walled off by the surrounding tissues

Question 7

How do pseudoaneurysms appear on ultrasound?

Answer 7

A vascular compartment connected to the native artery with a bidirectional waveform seen at the stalk connecting the pseudoaneurysm to the native artery

Question 8

How are pseudoaneurysms corrected?

Answer 8

Surgical repair
Compression repair
Thrombin injection repair

Question 9

What is a dissecting aneurysm?

Answer 9

Separation of the intima from the media of the aortic wall

Question 10

Where do dissecting aneurysms usually originate from?

Answer 10

Aortic arch in the thorax

Question 11

List some etiologies of dissecting aneurysms.

Answer 11

Marfan syndrome
Chronic hypertension
Aortic aneurysms
Aortic atherosclerosis
Iatrogenic cardiac intervention
Congenital aortic valve anomalies
Coarctation of the aorta
Chest trauma

Question 12

Which aortic aneurysms are candidates for an endovascular stent graft repair?

Answer 12

If the aortic aneurysm is infrarenal

Question 13

How does chronic mesenteric ischemia present?

Answer 13

Reccurring postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss

Question 14

What structures are evaluated in mesenteric ischemia?

Answer 14

Celiac axis
SMA
IMA

Question 15

When do symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia appear?

Answer 15

Until at least two of the three major mesenteric arteries are occluded or highly stenosed

Question 16

What are the mesenteric artery stenosis criteria?

Answer 16

SMA velocity greater than 275 cm/s

Celiac artery velocity greater than 200 cm/s

Question 17

What is celiac axis compression syndrome also known as?

Answer 17

Arcuate ligament compression syndrome

Question 18

How does celiac axis compression syndrome appear clinically?

Answer 18

Abdominal bruit with expiration but disappears during inspiration

Question 19

What occurs to the median arcuate ligament during expiration?

Answer 19

Compression of the ventral aspect of the celiac axis producing an “S” shaped celiac axis and a significant stenosis

Question 20

What occurs to the celiac axis during inspiration?

Answer 20

The celiac axis straightens and the stenosis disappears

Question 21

What is an arteriovenous shunt?

Answer 21

Abnormal connection between an artery and vein

Question 22

What is commonly associated with arteriovenous shunts?

Answer 22

Trauma
Surgery
Biopsy
Inflammation
Neoplasm
Congenital formation

Question 23

How do arteriovenous shunts appears sonographically?

Answer 23

Color flow bruit
Pulsatile venous flow
Low resistive arterial flow

Question 24

What percentage of biopsies result in some degree of fistula formation?

Answer 24

15 to 50%

Question 25

What type of waveform is produced by an arteriovenous shunt?

Answer 25

High velocity, low resistance