Abdominal Vasculature Flashcards
List 5 other specific types of aneurysms.
Berry aneurysm Mycotic aneurysm Atherosclerotic aneurysm Fusiform aneurysm Saccular aneurysm
What are the three different types of aortic aneurysms?
True aneurysms
False aneurysms
Dissecting aneurysms
What is the difference between a true aneurysm versus a pseudoaneurysm?
True aneurysms involve all three layers of the vessel wall
Do aortic aneurysms have a genetic association?
Yes
Where are most aortic aneurysms located?
Distal aorta/infrarenal
What is a definition of an aneurysm?
Focal dilatatian with at least a 50% increase over normal aortic diameter
How do false aortic aneurysms occur?
From injury to the vessel wall and extravasated blood is walled off by the surrounding tissues
How do pseudoaneurysms appear on ultrasound?
A vascular compartment connected to the native artery with a bidirectional waveform seen at the stalk connecting the pseudoaneurysm to the native artery
How are pseudoaneurysms corrected?
Surgical repair
Compression repair
Thrombin injection repair
What is a dissecting aneurysm?
Separation of the intima from the media of the aortic wall
Where do dissecting aneurysms usually originate from?
Aortic arch in the thorax
List some etiologies of dissecting aneurysms.
Marfan syndrome Chronic hypertension Aortic aneurysms Aortic atherosclerosis Iatrogenic cardiac intervention Congenital aortic valve anomalies Coarctation of the aorta Chest trauma
Which aortic aneurysms are candidates for an endovascular stent graft repair?
If the aortic aneurysm is infrarenal
How does chronic mesenteric ischemia present?
Reccurring postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss
What structures are evaluated in mesenteric ischemia?
Celiac axis
SMA
IMA
When do symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia appear?
Until at least two of the three major mesenteric arteries are occluded or highly stenosed
What are the mesenteric artery stenosis criteria?
SMA velocity greater than 275 cm/s
Celiac artery velocity greater than 200 cm/s
What is celiac axis compression syndrome also known as?
Arcuate ligament compression syndrome
How does celiac axis compression syndrome appear clinically?
Abdominal bruit with expiration but disappears during inspiration
What occurs to the median arcuate ligament during expiration?
Compression of the ventral aspect of the celiac axis producing an āSā shaped celiac axis and a significant stenosis
What occurs to the celiac axis during inspiration?
The celiac axis straightens and the stenosis disappears
What is an arteriovenous shunt?
Abnormal connection between an artery and vein
What is commonly associated with arteriovenous shunts?
Trauma Surgery Biopsy Inflammation Neoplasm Congenital formation
How do arteriovenous shunts appears sonographically?
Color flow bruit
Pulsatile venous flow
Low resistive arterial flow
