Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdominal Sonography > Biliary Tree > Flashcards

Biliary Tree Flashcards

1
Q

List the convergence of the bile ducts.

A

Intrahepatic > right and left hepatic ducts > CHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the GB located in the liver?

A

Inferior end of the the main lobar fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which ducts make up the ampulla of Vater?

A

CBD and main pancreatic duct ( Duct of Wirsung)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Mickey Mouse sign?

A

The portal triad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the spiral fold that controls bile flow in the cystic duct?

A

Valve of Heister’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the abnormal sacculation of the neck of the GB?

A

Hartmann’s pouch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the phrygian cap?

A

Fold between the body and the funds of the GB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the CBD pass in the liver?

A

Posterior to the first part of the duodenum and pancreatic head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What controls the ampulla of Vater emptying through the duodenal papilla?

A

Sphincter of Oddi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some causes of GB wall thickening?

A 
Hypoalbuminemia
Ascites
Hepatitis
CHF
Pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are pre-hepatic causes of jaundice?

A

Increased bilirubin production (Hemolysis, Ineffective erythropoiesis, Absorption of large amounts of Hb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are hepatic causes of jaundice?

A 
Acute liver inflammation
Chronic liver disease
Infiltrative liver disease
Inflammation of bile ducts
Genetic disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are post-hepatic causes of jaundice?

A

Obstruction of the biliary tree

causes pale stool and dark urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is GB sludge?

A

Calcium bilirubinate granules and cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is GB sludge associated with?

A

Biliary stasis secondary to prolonged fasting, TPN, hemolysis, cystic duct obstruction, cholecystitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are gallstones made of?

A

Cholesterol
Calcium bilirubinate
Calcium carbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is another name for WES?

A

Double Arc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are complications of acute cholecystitis?

A 
Empyema
Gangrenous cholecystitis
Perforation
Pericholecystic abscess
Bilioenteric fistula
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What causes gas in the biliary system?

A 
ERCP
Sphincter of Oddi papillotomy
Choledochojejunostomy
GB fistula
Emphysematous cholecystitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is emphysematous cholecystitis?

A

Acute cholecystitis due to GB wall ischemia and infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is empyema of the GB?

A

Purulent material within the GB due to bacteria-containing bile associated with acute cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are complications of a GB perforation?

A

Peritonitis
Pericholecystic abscess
Biliary fistula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is acalculous cholecystitis?

A

Acute cholecystitis without presence of gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are causes of calculus cholecystitis?

A

Bile stasis
Decreased GB contraction
Infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is milk of calcium bile (Limy bile)?

A

Sludge-like material with high concentration of calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How does Limy bile appear on US?

A

Layering of sludge that results in distal acoustic shadowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a porcelain GB?

A

Calcification of the GB wall associated with chronic cholecystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is hydrops of the GB?

A

Mucocele of the GB from an over distended GB filled with mucoid or clear, watery contents

29
Q

What size are noncancerous GB polyps?

A

<10 mm in diameter

30
Q

What is cholesterolosis of the GB?

A

Lipids (cholesterol and TGs) deposited in the GB wall

31
Q

What is a “strawberry GB”?

A

Cholesterolosis from the golden yellow lipid deposits against the red gallbladder mucosa

32
Q

What are US findings of GB CA?

A

Intraluminal mass
Asymmetric wall thickening
Mass that fills GB (most common)

33
Q

What is adenomyomatosis?

A

Hyperplastic changes involving the GB wall causing overgrowth of the mucosa, thickening of the wall, and formation of diverticula

34
Q

What are the diverticula within the GB wall called?

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

35
Q

What causes the majority of biliary obstruction?

A

Pathology in the distal CBD
Gallstones
CA of head of pancreas

36
Q

Where is the CHD routinely measured?

A

Point where the right hepatic artery courses between the portal vein and biliary duct

37
Q

What is the “Parallel channel sign”?

A

“Shotgun sign” dilated hepatic duct adjacent to the portal vein

38
Q

What vessels are more irregular and tortuous than the portal vein?

A

Bile ducts

39
Q

How do bile ducts branch?

A

Stellate confluence - “star-shaped” configuration

40
Q

Why do bile structures produce acoustic enhancement?

A

They attenuate sound less than blood

41
Q

Which hormone causes gallbladder contraction?

A

Cholecystokinin

42
Q

What is a negative result of the CBD with a fatty meal?

A

Unchanged or decreased size

43
Q

Where do biliary tree obstructions occur?

A 
Distal CBD (most common)
Common hepatic obstruction
Obstruction at the junction of the R and L hepatic ducts
44
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

Calculi in bile ducts (most common cause of extra hepatic obstructive jaundice)

45
Q

What are complications of choledocholithiasis?

A

Biliary cirrhosis
Cholangitis
Pancreatitis

46
Q

What is Mirizzi Syndrome?

A

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction due to an impacted stone in the cystic duct causing compression of the CHD

47
Q

What are associated findings of Mirizzi Syndrome?

A

Intrahepatic duct dilatation
Cystic duct stone
Curved segmental stenosis of CHD
Cholecystocholedochal fistula

48
Q

What is cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Bile duct adenoCA

49
Q

What is cholangiocarcinoma located at the hepatic hilum called?

A

Klatskin tumor

50
Q

What are some predisposing conditions for cholangiocarcinoma?

A 
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (most common)
Ulcerative colitis
Caroli's disease
Choledochal cyst
Parasitic infestation
Chemical toxins
51
Q

How do cholangiocarcinoma patients present?

A

Jaundice
Weight loss
Abdominal pain

52
Q

What is cholangitis?

A

Bacterial infxn superimposed on an obstruction of the biliary tree

53
Q

What are common causes of cholangitis?

A

Choledocholithiasis
ERCP
Obstructive tumors

54
Q

What is biliary atresia?

A

Absence of extrahepatic bile ducts

55
Q

What is biliary atresia associated with?

A

Polysplenia syndrome
Absent IVC
Situs inversus
Cardiac anomalies

56
Q

How is biliary atresia treated?

A

Kasai portoenterostomy within 90 days of life - surgical drainage
Liver transplant

57
Q

What is pneumobilia?

A

Air in the biliary tract

58
Q

What are choledochal cysts?

A

Congenital bile duct anomalies with cystic dilatation of intra or extra hepatic bile ducts - prevalent in Asia

59
Q

What are choledochal cysts associated with?

A 
Pancreatitis
Cholangitis
Hepatic abscesses
Cirrhosis
Portal HTN
CholangioCA
60
Q

What is Caroli’s disease?

A

Type V choledochal cyst - congenital anomaly of biliary tract with multifocal segmental dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts

61
Q

What is Caroli’s disease look like on US?

A

Multiple cystic structures that converge toward the portal hepatic communicating with bile ducts

62
Q

What is the most common cause of malignancy obstructing the biliary tree?

A

Pancreatic adenoCA

63
Q

What is a Courvoisier GB?

A

Enlarged, non-diseased GB due to mechanical obstruction of the CBD

64
Q

What is primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

Inflammation and fibrosis of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts

65
Q

What is sclerosing cholangitis associated with?

A

IBD
ERCP
Cholangiocarcinoma

66
Q

How does sclerosing cholangitis look on US?

A

Thickening of the bile duct walls

Findings assoc with cirrhosis

67
Q

What is primary biliary cirrhosis?

A

Chronic and progressive cholestasis due to obstruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts leading to end-stage liver disease

68
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

End product of Hb breakdown

Total bili = conj bili + unconj bili

69
Q

What is the difference between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin?

A

Conjugated bili has albumin removed from unconjugated bili that is needed for bilirubin disposal

Abdominal Sonography (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions