Prosocial Behavior

Question 1

When do ppl help?

Answer 1

out of self interest at times but to benefit another.

Question 2

Bystander effect

Answer 2

The more ppl are, the less and delayed the help is.

Question 3

Bystander intervention decision tree

Answer 3

I. Notice an event
hurry/distracted
study Semaritan study

II. interpret emergency
Pluralistic ignorance
->study Pars recruited to fill out Qnairs + smoke, when they are alone to being with 7 people decreased intervention.

III. Diffiusion of responsibility
->Pars + intercom of a seizure
When with 5 ppl vs. 1, “pass the buck”

IV. Know how to help
Expertise?

V. Decide to help
Cost <benefit?
embarrassment or fear.

Question 4

Why do ppl help?

Evolution

Answer 4

Evolution
-Kin selection (but closeness is the predictor

-Social norms the faster kids pick up this norm, the better they adjust to fit in.

-Norm of reciprocity
Expectation of helping others to hel

Question 5

Why do ppl help?

Social Exchange THeory

Answer 5

Def: to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

we only help with benefits>costs.

• > for:
• reciprocity
• soc approval and self worth
• to relieve own distress.

Question 6

Why do ppl help?

Empathy

Answer 6

Empathy-altrusitic hypothesis says this is the true form of altruism.

Question 7

Personal Determinants

Answer 7

• Altruistic personality that’s drawn out by the right situational cues.
• Socioeconomic where there’s Low.

-Gender diff
W in nurturing situations, M in heroic and are securely attached with high compassion, optimism, and strong close relationships.

-culture
show to be that in-group help is stronger by EA
Simlarity promotes help by NA.

Question 8

Effects of Mood

Answer 8

-Happy
Dime increased helping behaviour.
why? they are positive, prolongs their happiness, to avoid CD.

-Negative
to balance the negative feeling by doing good.
“negative state relief hypothesis”: sadness is alleviated via helping.

-Emotional numbness
from exclusion from groups they feel pain of rejection, unabling them to absorb other feelings.

Question 9

In conclusion, factors that

increase prosocial behavior

Answer 9

• positive moods
• education
• social learning theory ;(+) modelling
• social exchange theory; rewards
• environment-> helping is increased in smaller towns; overload hypothesis (when too much stimulation overloads to think clearly).
• Priming: category vs superhero priming, through assimilation, category group said they would volunteer longer hours and was higher in their commitment 3 weeks later than the contrast,singer hero group.